增效钙镁肥对马铃薯产质量及钙镁元素积累特性的影响OA
Effects of Synergism Ca-Mg Fertilizer on Yield,Quality,and Ca and Mg Accumulation Characteristics in Vegetative Parts of Potato
[目的]探明 3种增效物质(腐植酸、黄腐酸、γ-聚谷氨酸)配施钙镁肥对马铃薯生长发育、产量形成、块茎品质及植株钙镁元素积累特性的影响,为马铃薯科学施肥管理及增效型钙镁肥产品开发与实践应用提供依据.[方法]以马铃薯品种沃土五号为试验材料,采用田间试验方法,常规复合肥施用量1 800 kg/hm2,不同钙镁肥施用量均为 600 kg/hm2,研究常规复合肥(CK),常规复合肥配施市售钙镁肥(T1)、自制钙镁肥(T2)、腐植酸钙镁肥(T3)、黄腐酸钙镁肥(T4)、γ-聚谷氨酸钙镁肥(T5)对马铃薯生长发育、产量形成、块茎品质及植株钙镁元素积累特性的影响.[结果]配施不同类型钙镁肥后可有效促进马铃薯植株生长、各器官钙镁元素累积并提升产量、改善块茎品质,整体效果以 T5 最佳,块茎膨大期株高、茎粗、叶片SPAD值分别为 51.33 cm、12.13 cm、44.80.与 CK比,产量显著提高 43.50%;蛋白质、淀粉、维生素 C含量分别显著提高 14.44%、24.09%、12.42%,对还原糖无明显影响.不同施肥处理对马铃薯钙、镁含量的影响具有器官和生育期特异性,其中,T5、T4 分别对促进马铃薯钙、镁吸收效果较好.3种增效钙镁肥处理的马铃薯产质量提升效果优于普通钙镁肥,与 T1 比,T3～T5 产量提高 32.88%～42.15%,蛋白质、淀粉、维生素 C含量分别提高7.94%～13.23%、10.44%～20.73%、1.78%～5.48%;与 T2 比,T3～T5 产量提高 21.96%～30.46%,蛋白质、淀粉、维生素 C含量分别提高 5.70%～10.88%、9.76%～19.98%、3.16%～6.91%.[结论]常规复合肥配施不同类型钙镁肥可不同程度促进马铃薯植株生长性状、提高各器官钙镁元素累积量,同时提升产量,改善块茎品质.3种增效钙镁肥(腐植酸钙镁肥、黄腐酸钙镁肥及 γ-聚谷氨酸钙镁肥)处理的马铃薯产质量提升效果整体优于普通钙镁肥处理,其中,以常规复合肥1 800 kg/hm2 配施γ-聚谷氨酸钙镁肥600 kg/hm2 最佳.
[Objective]The effects of three synergism substances(humic acid,fulvic acid and γ-polyglutamic acid)+Ca-Mg fertilizer on growing development,yield formation,tuber quality of potato,and Ca and Mg accumulation in vegetative parts of potato plants were investigated to provide a scientific basis for scientific fertilization management in potato cultivation,and development and practical application of synergism Ca-Mg fertilizer.[Method]The effects of six different fertilization treatments including the conventional compound fertilizer(CK),conventional compound fertilizer+commercial Ca-Mg fertilizer(T1),conventional compound fertilizer+self-made Ca-Mg fertilizer(T2),conventional compound fertilizer+humic acid Ca-Mg fertilizer(T3),conventional compound fertilizer+fulvic acid Ca-Mg fertilizer(T4),and conventional compound fertilizer+γ-polyglutamic acid Ca-Mg fertilizer(T5)on growing development,yield formation,tuber quality,and Ca and Mg accumulation in vegetative parts of Wotu 5(a potato variety)were studied by a field test based on 1 800 kg/hm2 application rate of conventional compound fertilizer and 600 kg/hm2 application rate of Ca-Mg fertilizer.[Result]The conventional compound fertilizer+Ca-Mg fertilizer fertilization pattern could promote growth,Ca and Mg accumulation in vegetative parts of potato plants,and improve yield and tuber quality of potato effectively.The overall effect of T5 was the best among six treatments,and the plant height,stem diameter and leaf SPAD of T5 at the tuber expansion stage were 51.33 cm,12.13 cm and 44.80,respectively.The yield,protein content,starch content and vitamin C content of T5 increased by 43.50%,14.44%,24.09%and 12.42%compared with CK,respectively.There was no significance difference in reducing sugar content between T5 and CK.Different fertilization treatments had the specific effects on Ca and Mg accumulation in vegetative parts and growth stage of potato.T5 and T4 had a promoting effect on Ca and Mg absorption of potato.The yield,protein content,starch content and vitamin C content of T3-T5 increased by 32.88%-42.15%,7.94%-13.23%、10.44%-20.73%、1.78%-5.48%compared with those of T1,respectively.The yield,protein content,starch content and vitamin C content of T3-T5 increased by 21.96%-30.46%,5.70%-10.88%,9.76%-19.98%and 3.16%-6.91%compared with those of T2,respectively.[Conclusion]The conventional compound fertilizer combined with different types of Ca-Mg fertilizer application pattern can promote growing development and Ca and Mg accumulation in vegetative parts of potato plants,and increase potato yield and improve tuber quality.The overall improvement effects on yield and quality of potato fertilized with three synergistic Ca-Mg fertilizers of humic acid Ca-Mg fertilizer,fulvic acid Ca-Mg fertilizer and γ-polyglutamic acid Ca-Mg fertilizer are better than those of the conventional Ca-Mg fertilizer.The optimal improvement effects on yield and quality of potato is achieved by applying 1 800 kg/hm2 of conventional Ca-Mg fertilizer+600 kg/hm2 of γ-polyglutamic acid Ca-Mg fertilizer.
余孝娜;孙玉翠;杨大润;李莹莹;衣玉卓;李恒;王芳
云南云天化股份有限公司研发中心,云南 昆明 650228||云南大学 资源植物研究院,云南 昆明 650500云南云天化股份有限公司研发中心,云南 昆明 650228云南云天化股份有限公司研发中心,云南 昆明 650228云南云天化股份有限公司研发中心,云南 昆明 650228云南云天化股份有限公司研发中心,云南 昆明 650228||云南大学 资源植物研究院,云南 昆明 650500云南云天化股份有限公司研发中心,云南 昆明 650228云南云天化股份有限公司研发中心,云南 昆明 650228
农业科技
马铃薯增效钙镁肥生长发育产量品质钙含量镁含量
potatosynergism Ca-Mg fertilizergrowing developmentyieldqualityCa contentMg content
《贵州农业科学》 2026 (7)
57-65,9
云南省科技厅重大科技计划项目(202202AE090034)云南云天化股份有限公司科技项目(YTH-YF-2024009)(YTH-LYYZX-YF-2022-05)
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