从"赋权"到"赋能":科研人员职务科技成果转化的实证分析OA

The transformation of scientific and technological(S&T)achievements is key to achieving self-reliance in S&T and developing new quality productive forces.China has long implemented a job-related ownership system where institutions own achievements and research-ers transform them.Lack of property rights protection has left researchers unwilling,afraid,and unable to transform.In 2020,nine ministries including the Ministry of Science and Technology launched a pilot reform granting researchers ownership or long-term use rights over job-related achievements,aiming to use property rights incentives to address institutional barriers to trans-formation.However,numerous obstacles remain,and transformation efficiency has fallen short of expectations.This study surveys researchers from universities,research institutes,and cooperat-ing enterprises in H Province across four dimensions:policy awareness and attitudes,current in-centive mechanisms,practical awareness of the empowerment reform,and benefit evaluation.A total of 392 valid questionnaires were collected and analyzed using descriptive statistics and multi-source data cross-validation.The findings are as follows:①The"high support-low aware-ness"cognitive paradox.The vast majority of researchers strongly support the empowerment re-form,yet nearly half have limited knowledge of specific policy content,with a pronounced gap between universities and enterprises.②The absence of operational guidelines is the most promi-nent institutional barrier.In cross-organizational collaboration,"misaligned goals"and"ambigu-ous division of responsibilities"are the most common obstacles,as the divergence between uni-versities'pursuit of academic value and enterprises'pursuit of short-term profits undermines the foundation for cooperation.③Intellectual contributions are not fully reflected.Most respon-dents believe current benefit evaluation overfocuses on transaction amounts while neglecting in-tellectual contributions.One-time cash rewards dominate the prevailing distribution model,with long-term incentives rarely applied,severely undermining researchers'sense of reward and sus-tained willingness to participate.④Cumbersome approval procedures constrain incentive effec-tiveness.Lengthy approval processes rank first among policy implementation barriers,and re-searchers prioritize greater weight for transformation outcomes in professional title evaluations over equity incentives,indicating career development drives participation.Finally,based on these findings,this study proposes optimization recommendations across four dimensions:first,improving policy transmission mechanisms by establishing a"grassroots-oriented"policy com-munication system and leveraging successful cases to strengthen demonstration effects;second,refining empowerment operational rules by issuing implementation guidelines for co-ownership rights and establishing due diligence exemption lists;third,streamlining approval procedures and innovating diversified incentive mechanisms to shift researchers from"one-time benefits"to"sustained benefits";fourth,restructuring benefit evaluation mechanisms by improving quantita-tive recognition rules for intellectual contributions and deeply embedding transformation perfor-mance into professional title evaluation systems,so as to inject sustained innovative momentum into China's pursuit of self-reliance in science and technology.