Novel Quantum Circuit Implementations of ZUC-128 Stream CipherOA
When conducting quantum attacks on a specific symmetric-key primitive,the quantum implementation of the algorithm is an essential component.This study investigates the quantum implementation of the ZUC-128 stream cipher with the Clifford+T gates.To this end,we construct T-depth-efficient circuits for the ZUC S-boxes,new in-place circuits with fewer gates for the ZUC linear layers,and optimized implementation frameworks for the ZUC initialization/working stage.The application of the proposed circuits and frameworks demonstrates significant improvements.For the ZUC circuit generating a 32-word keystream,compared to the previous T-depth-efficient circuits,the T-depth is reduced from 11341 to 8775 while saving the qubit consumption by about 93.62%;compared to the previous width-efficient circuits,the qubit consumption decreases from 6244 to 2697 while reducing the T-depth by about 90.66%.For the ZUC circuit embedded as a component of the Grover iteration,compared to the ones proposed in INDOCRYPT 2024,both the gate consumption and the T-depth are reduced significantly.
LIN Da;SUN Bing;XU Sheng-Yuan;XIANG Ze-Jun;SHAN Hai-Yang
College of Science,National University of Defense Technology,Changsha 410073,ChinaCollege of Science,National University of Defense Technology,Changsha 410073,ChinaDepartment of Fundamental Courses,Shandong University of Science and Technology,Taian 271019,China Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing System and Security(Ministry of Education),Hubei University,Wuhan 430062,ChinaKey Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing System and Security(Ministry of Education),Hubei University,Wuhan 430062,China School of Cyber Science and Technology,Hubei University,Wuhan 430062,ChinaSchool of Cyber Science and Technology,Hubei University,Wuhan 430062,China
信息技术与安全科学
quantum circuitZUCClifford+TS-boxlinear layer
《密码学报(中英文)》 2026 (3)
P.573-592,20
National Natural Science Foundation of China(62402511,62272470,62272147)Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation(ZR2024QA205)Open Foundation of Hubei Key Laboratory of Applied Mathematics(Hubei University)(HBAM202504)Open Project of Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing System and Security(Ministry of Education)。
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