Fisheries carbon sinks-ecosystem services-human well-being nexus:A systematic mapOA

Fisheries carbon sinks are being increasingly recognized as emerging components of blue carbon and nature-based climate solutions.However,their roles extend far beyond carbon sequestration alone,encompassing ecosystem functioning,food systems,livelihoods,and social equity.Existing research remains fragmented across biogeochemical,ecological,socioeconomic,and governance domains,limiting a coherent understanding of how fisheries carbon sinks contribute to sustainable development.In this study,an integrated Fisheries Carbon Sinks-Ecosystem Services-Human Well-Being(FCS-ESS-HWB)framework is developed,and a systematic synthesis of evidence from 399 peer-reviewed studies is conducted following the RepOrting standards for Systematic Evidence Syntheses(ROSES)protocol.By coupling a theoretical analysis of ocean carbon pumps with a multidimensional bibliometric review,we examine the mechanisms,system types,intervention pathways,indicator systems,and governance structures that shape the FCS-ESS-HWB nexus.The results reveal that fisheries carbon sinks—across seaweed farming,shellfish aquaculture,integrated multi-trophic aquaculture,and animal-mediated biological pumps—simultaneously influence climate regulation,water purification,coastal protection,biodiversity maintenance,food security,livelihoods,and social equity.However,major uncertainties persist regarding long-term carbon fate,accounting boundaries,spatial representativeness,and the quantitative role of governance.Governance regimes emerge as decisive in determining whether fisheries carbon sinks generate synergistic sustainability outcomes or reinforce ecological and social trade-offs.By explicitly embedding fisheries carbon sinks within a social-ecological-governance systems perspective,this study advances a sustainability-oriented understanding of marine carbon sequestration and highlights key priorities for integrating fisheries carbon sinks into climate policy and sustainable ocean governance.