Linalool Promotes Osteoblast Differentiation via SELENBP1-Dependent Signaling in MC3T3-E1 and C3H10T1/2 CellsOA

Background:Linalool is a monoterpene alcohol with known anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties,but its role in osteoblast differentiation remains unclear.This study aimed to investigate the osteogenic potential of linalool and to examine the role of selenium-binding protein 1(Selenbp1)in mediating its effects.Methods:Murine MC3T3-E1 and C3H10T1/2 cells were treated with linalool under osteogenic conditions.Osteoblast differentiation was assessed by alkaline phosphatase(ALP)activity,Alizarin Red S staining,and expression of runt-related transcription factor 2(Runx2)and distal-less homeobox 5(Dlx5).The involvement of Selenbp1 was examined using siRNA knockdown and plasmid overexpression.A zebrafish caudal fin regeneration model was used to evaluate in vivo relevance.Results:Linalool significantly enhanced osteoblast differentiation,as evidenced by increased ALP activity(approximately 3–4-fold vs.control,p<0.01)and matrix mineralization(approximately 2.5–4-fold increase,p<0.01).The osteogenic transcription factors Runx2 and Dlx5 were significantly upregulated following linalool treatment(p<0.01).Linalool also markedly induced Selenbp1 expression,showing an approximately 4–5-fold increase in MC3T3-E1 cells and an approximately 8–9-fold increase in C3H10T1/2 cells(p<0.01).Silencing Selenbp1 attenuated the linalool-induced upregulation of osteogenic markers,whereas its overexpression restored marker expression and enhanced cellular responsiveness to linalool.In vivo,linalool significantly increased zebrafish caudal fin regeneration by approximately 30–45%compared with the vehicle control(p<0.001).Conclusion:Linalool promotes SELENBP1-dependent osteoblast differentiation in vitro and enhances caudal fin regeneration in vivo,although the involvement of SELENBP1 in the latter was not examined.