中国北方不同种源文冠果种子表型性状差异性研究OA

[Objective]This study aimed to systematically analyze the phenotypic traits of Xanthoceras sorbifolium seeds from different provenances,to construct a scientific germplasm evaluation system,and to provide a theoretical basis for genetic improvement,germplasm innovation,and industrial development of Xanthoceras sorbifolium.[Method]Seeds from 12 provenances(including Gansu,Shanxi,Shandong,etc.)were used as experimental materials.Ten traits,including longitudinal diameter,transverse diameter,and single seed weight,were measured.Multivariate analyses,including one-way ANOVA,Pearson correlation analysis,cluster analysis,and principal component analysis(PCA),were combined to reveal differences in phenotypic traits,internal correlations,and comprehensive performance among provenances.[Result]Significant differences in seed phenotypic traits were observed among provenances(P＜0.05).Single seed weight showed coefficient of variation,while seed shape index exhibited the lowest.100-seed weight was significantly and positively correlated with transverse diameter,longitudinal diameter,kernel weight,and single seed weight(P＜0.05),whereas seed volume was significantly negatively correlated with kernel rate(P＜0.05).Cluster analysis divided the provenances into three groups:Group Ⅰ(provenances 2,3,9,11,12),termed the"small-seed low-weight type";Group Ⅱ(provenances 1,7,8,10),the"medium-seed medium-weight type";and Group Ⅲ(provenances 4,5,6),the"large-seed high-weight type".PCA indicated that the first three principal components explained 74.05%of the cumulative variance,with provenance 4 achieving the highest comprehensive score(164.89 points),demonstrating the most superior germplasm characteristics.[Conclusion]The established"morphological trait analysis—statistical model construction—germplasm classification"three-level evaluation system provides a new framework for scientific evaluation and genetic improvement of Xanthoceras sorbifolium germplasm.Due to its outstanding comprehensive performance,Provenance 4 is recommended as an excellent parental material for stress-resistant breeding.