施肥深度对库尔勒香梨生长及果实品质的影响OA
Effects of fertilization depth on growth and fruit quality of'Korla Xiangli'
以 12 年生密植库尔勒香梨为试材,研究施肥深度 15 cm(CK)、30 cm(T1)、45 cm(T2)及分层施肥(T3)对库尔勒香梨树体生长、叶片养分吸收及果实品质的影响,为密植梨园科学水肥管理提供依据.结果表明:与 CK 相比,T1、T2 处理均明显促进了库尔勒香梨新梢的生长;T2、T3 处理的叶片 SPAD值、叶面积均明显提高;T2 处理的花芽长度和粗度均明显提高;T2 处理的净光合速率、气孔导度分别显著提高了 30.33%、40.91%;T1、T2、T3 处理均提高了叶片养分含量,其中 T2 处理的叶片全氮、全磷、全钾含量分别提高了 20.24%、15.43%、14.11%.在果实品质方面,T2 处理的可溶性固形物、葡萄糖、山梨醇、蔗糖、果糖含量均较高,分别较 CK 提高了 6.20%、16.06%、12.98%、36.21%、18.01%,有机酸含量最低,内在品质最佳.在产量方面,T2、T3 处理的株产分别较 CK 显著增加了 34.39%、13.23%.相关性分析结果表明,叶面积与叶片全氮含量呈显著正相关,果实可溶性固形物含量与叶片全氮含量呈显著正相关,果实果糖含量与叶片全钾含量呈显著正相关.综上所述,T2 处理在促进库尔勒香梨树体生长、提升叶片养分吸收及改善果实品质方面效果最优.因此,建议新疆主产区库尔勒香梨的施肥深度以 45 cm 为宜.
Taking 12-year-old densely planted'Korla Xiangli'pears as the test materials,the effects of four different fertilization depths,namely,fertilization depth of 15 cm(CK),30 cm(T1),45 cm(T2),and layered fertilization(T3),on the tree growth,leaf nutrient absorption,and fruit quality of'Korla Xiangli'pears were studied to provide a basis for the scientific water and fertilizer management of densely planted pear orchards.The results showed that compared with CK,the treatments of T1 and T2 significantly promoted the growth of new shoots of'Korla Xiangli'pears;the SPAD values and leaf areas of the leaves in the treatments of T2 and T3 were significantly increased;the length and thickness of flower buds in the T2 treatment were significantly increased;the net photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance in the T2 treatment were significantly increased by 30.33%and 40.91%,respectively;the nutrient contents in the leaves were increased in the treatments of T1,T2,and T3,and the contents of total nitrogen,total phosphorus,and total potassium in the leaves in the T2 treatment were increased by 20.24%,15.43%,and 14.11%,respectively.In terms of fruit quality,the contents of soluble solids,glucose,sorbitol,sucrose,and fructose in the T2 treatment were relatively high,which were increased by 6.20%,16.06%,12.98%,36.21%,and 18.01%,respectively,compared with CK,and the organic acid content was the lowest,and the internal quality was the best.In terms of yield,the yields per plant in the treatments of T2 and T3 were significantly increased by 34.39%and 13.23%,respectively,compared with CK.The results of correlation analysis showed that there was a significant positive correlation between leaf area and total nitrogen content in the leaves,a significant positive correlation between soluble solids content in the fruit and total nitrogen content in the leaves,and a significant positive correlation between fructose content in the fruit and total potassium content in the leaves.To sum up,the T2 treatment had the best effect in promoting the growth of'Korla Xiangli'trees,improving leaf nutrient absorption,and improving fruit quality.Therefore,it is recommended that the appropriate fertilization depth for'Korla Xiangli'pears in the main production areas of Xinjiang is 45 cm.
刘静;马凌;邓永辉;兖攀;安世杰;王欣;陈奇凌;郑强卿;吴翠云;李天乐
新疆农垦科学院林园研究所,石河子 832000||新疆农垦科学院铁门关试验站||塔里木大学园艺与林学学院新疆农垦科学院铁门关试验站新疆农垦科学院林园研究所,石河子 832000新疆农垦科学院林园研究所,石河子 832000新疆农垦科学院铁门关试验站新疆农垦科学院铁门关试验站||塔里木大学园艺与林学学院新疆农垦科学院铁门关试验站新疆农垦科学院林园研究所,石河子 832000塔里木大学园艺与林学学院新疆农垦科学院铁门关试验站
农业科技
施肥深度库尔勒香梨树体生长养分吸收果实品质
fertilization depth'Korla Xiangli'tree growthnutrient absorptionfruit quality
《中国果树》 2026 (6)
49-56,8
新疆生产建设兵团农业科技创新工程专项项目(NCG202312)新疆农垦科学院院级项目(2023YJ008).
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