纳米肥料:精准农业背景下的机遇与挑战OA

As a significant application of nanotechnology in agriculture,nanofertilizers offer a novel approach to addressing the critical issues of low utilization efficiency and substantial environmental losses associated with conventional fertilizers.This review systematically synthesizes the full-chain research progress on nanofertilizers,ranging from conceptual definition to field application,and critically examines their opportunities and challenges within the context of precision agriculture.First,the definition and classification system of nanofertilizers are clarified,elaborating on their unique physicochemical properties arising from nanoscale effects and the primary synthesis strategies.Second,the uptake and transport mechanisms of nanofertilizers within the"soil-plant-microbiome"continuum are thoroughly analyzed,along with their pathways for enhancing crop yield and quality.Third,the potential ecological risks of nanofertilizers are systematically evaluated,encompassing the environmental fate of nanoparticles,their effects on non-target organisms,and implications for soil health.Finally,key bottlenecks restricting the industrialization and large-scale application of nanofertilizers are discussed,and a conceptual framework for developing sustainable nanofertilizer systems in the future is proposed.