中医药调控PI3K/Akt/mTOR信号通路干预糖尿病肾病研究进展OA

Diabetic kidney disease(DKD)is a major microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus and a leading cause of end-stage renal disease.TCM offers unique advantages in the prevention and treatment of DKD through its multi-component and multi-target characteristics.The PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway serves as a central hub in regulating the pathological processes of DKD,including inflammatory responses,autophagy imbalance,and fibrosis,and aligns intrinsically with the TCM pathogenesis concept of"root deficiency and superficial excess".This review systematically summarizes the mechanisms by which TCM modulates the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway from three aspects:active ingredients of Chinese herbs,herbal pairs,and Chinese herbal formulas and patent medicines.It analyzes the common patterns and specific characteristics through which these TCM modalities exert renal protective effects by regulating pathway activity,improving autophagy,and inhibiting inflammation and fibrosis.Furthermore,it discusses the current limitations and future directions in areas such as clinical translation,mechanistic analysis,and quality control,aiming to provide a reference for optimizing the clinical application of TCM in DKD treatment and for the development of innovative drugs.