饲草中常见真菌毒素的识别与分布特征研究OA

In order to explore the identification and distribution characteristics of mycotoxins in main forage grasses in China,liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(LC-MS)was used to detect and analyze the content and distribution characteristics of 11 mycotoxins,including fumonitins(FB),in 240 forage samples of silage corn,oat grass and alfalfa grass collected from northeast,northwest,North,East and southwest China.The results showed that the overall detection rate was 52.50%(126/240),and all samples did not exceed the national limit standard(the over-rate was 0).The distribution characteristics of mycotoxins in different forage grasses were significantly different.The detection rate of maize silage was the highest(90.99%),followed by oat grass(36.51%)and alfalfa grass(4.55%).There were two or more toxins co-existing in 52.25%of silage maize samples,which was significantly higher than that of single pollution(38.00%).Only deoxynivalenol(DON)was detected in oat grass.DON,fumonisin B1(FB1)and fumonisin B3(FB3)were detected in 3 positive samples of alfalfa grass,which were all single contamination.Longitudinal analysis showed that the overall detection rate of samples in 2024 decreased by 1.43 percentage points compared with that in 2023(53.93%),among which silage corn,oat grass and alfalfa grass decreased by 0.68,16.43 and 7.35 percentage points,respectively,showing a continuous improvement trend.The distribution of mycotoxins in forage in China was variety-specific,and the overall pollution level was low and improved year by year,indicating that people should strengthen monitoring of the distribution of mycotoxins in forage in production and processing and implement related prevention and control measures to ensure the safety and quality of forage.The biological mechanism of extremely low contamination rate of alfalfa is worth further analysis,and may provide theoretical basis for developing new antifungal technology.