淡水生态系统中eDNA技术的应用研究进展OA

Driven by intensifying global climate change and anthropogenic activities,freshwater ecosystems face multi-ple threats such as biodiversity loss,species invasion,and declining fishery resources.Traditional biological monito-ring methods are often constrained by high costs and low efficiency making them difficult to meet the comprehensive,accurate,and real-time monitoring demands of freshwater ecosystems.Environmental DNA(eDNA)technology,as an emerging biological monitoring method,has emerged as a pivotal tool in freshwater ecological research and a hot topic in the study of freshwater ecosystems.Its adoption is driven by key advantages,including high efficiency,sensi-tivity,and non-invasiveness.This technology can quickly and accurately analyze species composition,distribution patterns,population dynamics,and genetic structures,offering a novel technological paradigm for systematic health assessment and ecological risk forecasting.This study reviews the research progress of eDNA technology applications in freshwater ecosystems,focusing on freshwater ecosystem monitoring,species characteristics and behaviors,freshwa-ter ecosystem health,and risk monitoring.Furthermore,it also explores the current technical challenges and future development directions,aiming to establish a scientific foundation for the sustainable advancement of eDNA technolo-gy.