我国海上能源岛三级联动保障体系构建与制度创新研究OA
Construction of Three-Tier Coordinated Support System and Institutional Innovation for Offshore Energy Islands in China
在"双碳"目标与深远海能源开发战略推动下,南海能源岛群正由单一能源供给节点向集多能耦合、能源转化、运行保障、应急响应和远距离补给于一体的综合性工程平台演进.受离岸距离远、海况复杂、补给链条长和多主体协同不足等因素制约,现有以近岸母港为主的保障模式难以支撑南海深远海能源岛群规模化、连续化运行.本文系统梳理国内外能源岛与海上能源枢纽的运行保障模式,分析南海港口、岛礁节点和前沿设施的能力基础及短板,提出"核心母港-中继枢纽-前沿支点"三级联动保障体系.该体系依据保障距离、水深条件、任务属性和响应时效,将南海能源岛群运行保障空间划分为近海支撑层、远海中继层和深远海前沿层,并分别配置综合调度、接力转换和近域响应功能.典型任务情景测算表明,三级联动模式可将急需备件补给响应时间由约51.5 h缩短至约17.5 h,降幅约为66.0%;将人员医疗救援到达时间由约3.28 h缩短至约1.43 h,降幅约为56.4%.在制度层面,建议以"南海深蓝经济综合试验区"为综合协调平台,协同推进"标准海"用海单元认证、海域立体分层设权、飞地经济合作和海空应急协同保障机制.研究表明,三级联动保障体系有助于提升南海深远海能源岛群运行效率、应急响应能力和系统韧性,可为我国深远海能源工程保障体系建设提供参考.
Driven by China's carbon peaking and carbon neutralization goals as well as the strategic development of deep-offshore energy resources,energy island clusters in the South China Sea are evolving from single energy-supply nodes into integrated engineering platforms that combine multi-energy coupling,energy conversion,operational support,emergency response,and long-distance replenishment.However,the existing support model dominated by nearshore home ports is constrained by long offshore distances,complex sea conditions,extended replenishment chains,and insufficient multi-stakeholder coordination,making it difficult to support large-scale and continuous operation of deep-offshore energy island clusters.This study reviews operational support models for energy islands and offshore energy hubs in China and abroad,analyzes the capability basis and limitations of ports,island-reef nodes,and frontier facilities in the South China Sea,and proposes a three-tier coordinated support system consisting of core home ports,relay hubs,and frontier support nodes.Based on support distance,water depth,task attributes,and response requirements,the proposed system divides the support space into a nearshore support layer,an offshore relay layer,and a deep-offshore frontier layer,corresponding respectively to integrated coordination,relay transfer,and near-field response functions.Scenario-based calculations indicate that the proposed system can reduce the response time for urgent spare-parts replenishment from approximately 51.5 h to 17.5 h,a decrease of about 66%,and reduce the arrival time for medical rescue from approximately 3.28 h to 1.43 h,a decrease of about 56.4%.Institutionally,this study recommends establishing the South China Sea Deep Blue Economic Comprehensive Pilot Zone as a coordination platform,while advancing standard sea-unit certification,three-dimensional layered sea-use rights,enclave-economy cooperation,and sea-air emergency coordination mechanisms.The results indicate that the three-tier coordinated support system can improve the operational efficiency,emergency response capability,and system resilience of energy island clusters in the South China Sea,providing a reference for the construction of deep-offshore energy engineering support systems in China.
陈亚洲;朱琳;徐静;付强;周守为;王国荣;钟林;唐洋;董学成
西南石油大学机电工程学院,成都 610500||西南石油大学能源装备研究院,成都 610500中海油研究总院有限责任公司,北京 100028||海洋天然气水合物全国重点实验室,北京 100028中海油研究总院有限责任公司,北京 100028||海洋天然气水合物全国重点实验室,北京 100028中海油研究总院有限责任公司,北京 100028||海洋天然气水合物全国重点实验室,北京 100028中国海洋石油集团有限公司,北京 100027西南石油大学机电工程学院,成都 610500||西南石油大学能源装备研究院,成都 610500西南石油大学机电工程学院,成都 610500||西南石油大学能源装备研究院,成都 610500西南石油大学机电工程学院,成都 610500||西南石油大学能源装备研究院,成都 610500油气藏地质及开发工程全国重点实验室,成都 610059
管理科学
海上能源岛三级联动保障体系运行保障空间治理制度创新
offshore energy islandthree-tier coordinated support systemoperation supportspatial governanceinstitutional innovation
《中国工程科学》 2026 (3)
24-39,16
中国工程院咨询项目"深远海能源开发与生态环境保护战略研究"(25HNZX-04),"海上能源一体化协同开发战略研究"(2025-HZ-30) Chinese Academy of Engineering projects"Strategic Research on Deep and Offshore Energy Development and Ecological Environment Protection"(25HNZX-04),"Strategic Research on Integrated and Collaborative Development of Offshore Energy"(2025-HZ-30)
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