冶炼危险废物镉渣资源化回收技术研究进展OA

Cadmium possesses excellent physicochemical properties and mostly exists in hazardous waste residues as a by-product of copper,lead and zinc smelting.With the expansion of smelting scale,large quantities of cadmium residue rich in valuable metals such as cadmium,zinc and copper have been stockpiled massively.This not only leads to resource waste,but also the heavy metal ions in its acidic leachate pose a serious threat to ecosystems and human health.This paper systematically summarizes the sources,mineralogical characteristics and resource recovery technologies of cadmium residue,analyzes its formation mechanism during zinc hydrometallurgy purification and pyrometallurgical flue dust collection,and sorts out the research progress and application status of green recovery technologies including hydrometallurgical extraction,pyrometallurgical enrichment,microwave metallurgy,microbial leaching and adsorption by nano-functional materials.It is pointed out that existing technologies are accelerating the transition towards cleaner and more refined development.Physical field enhancement and novel functional materials possess unique advantages in breaking complex mineral phase encapsulation and realizing extreme purification of wastewater.Nevertheless,the synergistic separation of multiple metals in complex impurity systems still remains a major technical bottleneck.It is urgent to develop short-flow processes combining hydrome-tallurgy and pyrometallurgy in the future,and establish a multi-technology collaborative integration system of"pyrometallurgical enrichment-hydrometallurgical separation-deep purification via biology and adsorption",so as to realize the recycling of secondary cadmium resources and promote the green and low-carbon transformation of copper-lead-zinc smelting industry.