临床常用药物引起的干眼及其发病机制OA

Dry eye is a disease caused by abnormal secretion from cells or glands responsible for producing the three layers of tear film on the ocular surface due to various reasons,leading to reduced tear film stability and ocular surface damage.This,in turn,results in ocular discomfort and visual impairment.The core pathological mechanism lies in the destruction of tear film integrity,which serves as a critical protective barrier for the ocular surface.Once compromised,it directly affects ocular health and visual quality.In recent years,with the expanding variety and clinical application of medications,drug-induced dry eye has garnered increasing attention,and related research is on the rise.Drug-induced dry eye not only causes discomfort such as dryness,foreign body sensation,and blurred vision,seriously affecting patients'daily life and work efficiency,but may also reduce adherence to systemic disease treatment due to eye symptoms,thereby compromising overall therapeutic outcomes.Drug related dry eye refers to reduced tear film stability and ocular surface damage caused both topical ophthalmic medications and systemic medications.Its onset is influenced by multiple factors,including individual patient differences in constitution and baseline ocular conditions,as well as the pharmacological properties,dosage,and duration of medication use.At the same time,irrational drug use,such as prolonged abuse or improper combination therapy,can further elevate the risk of onset.With advancements in medicine,the variety of drugs continues to increase,and medication frequency has risen significantly.Drug related dry eye has become a clinically significant issue that cannot be overlooked and research into its pathogenesis and intervention strategies holds important clinical value.This review focuses on exploring key pathological mechanisms,such as how drugs induce meibomian gland dysfunction(MGD),lacrimal gland dysfunction,reduction of conjunctival goblet cells,and corneal epithelial injury,to provide a reference for clinical understanding and management of drug-related dry eye.