从"祛病消灾"到"庇佑药帮":明清湖北药王庙及其社会功能OA

During the Ming and Qing dynasties,the rise of local Medicine King Temples(药 王庙)reflected the dual construction of folk beliefs and social space by social groups.In Hubei,a region characterized by people from different origins and frequent population mobility,Medicine King Temples not only served as venues for local people to pray for health,but were also transformed to shoulder other functions,such as acting as community granaries,free schools,and military fortresses.Meanwhile,a diverse culture of Medicine King belief took shape,with worshipping figures including Shen Nong(神农),Wei Cizang(韦慈藏),Sun Simiao(孙思邈),and the Medicine King Bodhisattva.Since the Qing Dynasty,the pharmaceutical industry in Hankou has thrived.Regional pharmaceutical guilds,such as those from Huaiqing in Henan Province and Linjiang in Jiangxi Province,"took temples as guild halls",successively building a number of guild halls in Hankou that enshrined medical deities and maintained guild affairs.These halls further evolved into pharmaceutical associations in the process of modernization.The phenomenon of the"guildhall-style Medicine King Temples(会馆型药王庙)"in Hankou competing for prominence not only demonstrated the professionalization and large-scale development of the medicinal material trading market in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River during the Qing Dynasty,but also provided a new perspective for understanding the early embryonic form of the medicinal material trade guilds in modern Wuhan region.