家马线粒体DNA研究进展OA

Equine mitochondrial DNA(mtDNA)has become a pivotal molecular marker for investigating the origin,evolu-tion,and population history of domestic horses,owing to its characteristics such as maternal inheritance,rapid evolutionary rate,and compact structure.Based on these features,mitochondrial molecular marker techniques have been widely applied in equine research and have advanced significantly with the development of methods such as restriction fragment length polymorphism(RFLP)analysis and high-throughput sequencing.This paper reviews the structural characteristics of horse mtDNA,the molec-ular marker techniques employed,and the application of mtDNA polymorphism in analyzing genetic diversity both within and a-mong horse breeds,aiming to provide theoretical insights for phylogenetic studies,breed identification,and the conservation of genetic resources in domestic horses.