离子转运体在肠道稳态中的作用及调控机制OA

The maintenance of intestinal homeostasis relies on the dynamic equilibrium of ions such as Na+,Ca²+,Cl-,and HCO3-.The ion concentration gradients determine the luminal osmotic pressure,acid-base environment,and transepithelial electrical potential difference,collectively forming the physicochemical basis for nutrient absorption,mucus secretion,and immune defense.As functional proteins mediating ion transport,intestinal ion transporters ensure ion exchange and water reabsorption between the intestinal lumen and epithelial cells through dynamic regulation of transmembrane ion fluxes,thereby preserving the intestinal microenvironmental homeostasis.This review focuses on key ion transporters,including the Na+/H+exchanger,Na+/glucose cotransporter,and Cl-/HCO3-exchanger,to elucidate their dynamic regulatory networks involving hormonal responsiveness,transcriptional regulation,post-translational modifications,and membrane trafficking.Additionally,it explores ion dysregulation caused by transporter dysfunction and its pathological implications,aiming to provide a theoretical foundation for therapeutic strategies targeting ion transporters in disease management.