黄土塬区土地利用方式对降雨条件下的土壤水文过程差异性调控OA
Differential Regulation of Soil Hydrological Processes under Rainfall Conditions by Land Use Types in Loess Tableland Region
[目的]土壤水分是黄土塬区植物利用和地下水补给的重要来源.明确不同土地利用方式下土壤水分对降雨的响应过程与特征是区域有限水资源高效利用和生态系统可持续发展的关键.[方法]选取黄土塬区典型的3种土地利用方式(塬面农田、草地和梯田),基于2020-2023年的30 min土壤含水量监测数据,分析3种土地利用方式0～300cm土层土壤水分对降雨事件的响应差异及降雨入渗特征沿剖面的变化规律.[结果]1)土壤水分响应速率(降雨入渗深度/响应时间)与最大入渗深度因土地利用方式差异显著,依次为塬面农田[(6.82±0.95)cm/h]＞草地[(3.70±0.38)cm/h]＞梯田[(3.24±0.32)cm/h],最大入渗深度为塬面农田(300 cm)＞草地(200 cm)＞梯田(160 cm).塬面农田的降雨入渗深度和响应速率最大,且在大暴雨事件中响应速率高达35.29 cm/h;2)草地降雨储存效率(RSE)最高[(81.8±11.3)％],土壤储水量增加量(ΔSWS)也最大[(111.7±36.8)mm];梯田在大暴雨事件中RSE最低[(46.1±11.7)％];3)土壤水分响应受降雨量和降雨历时的显著影响(p＜0.01),响应幅度随土层深度增加而减弱,响应时间随土层深度增大而增加.[结论]研究结果揭示黄土塬区典型土地利用方式下土壤水分对降雨的差异化响应特征,为区域水土资源的分异化管理、土地利用结构优化及生态系统的可持续发展提供科学依据.
[Objective]Soil moisture is a vital source for plant water use and groundwater recharge in the loess tableland region.Clarifying the response processes and characteristics of soil moisture to rainfall under different land use types is crucial for efficient utilization of limited water resources and sustainable development of regional ecosystems.[Methods]Three typical land use types(tableland farmland,grassland,and terraced fields)in the loess tableland region were selected.Based on 30-minute soil moisture monitoring data from 2020 to 2023,the response differences of soil moisture in the 0-300 cm soil layer to rainfall events and the variations in rainfall infiltration characteristics along the soil profile were analyzed for the three land use types.[Results]1)Soil moisture response rate(infiltration depth/response time)and maximum infiltration depth differed significantly among land use types,following the order:tableland farmland[(6.82±0.95)cm/h]＞grassland[(3.70±0.38)cm/h]＞terraced fields[(3.24±0.32)cm/h].Maximum infiltration depth was:tableland farmland(300 cm)＞grassland(200 cm)＞terraced fields(160 cm).Tableland farmland exhibited the greatest infiltration depth and response rate,with the response rate reaching up to 35.29 cm/h during heavy rainstorm events.2)Grassland had the highest rainfall storage efficiency(RSE)[(81.8±11.3)％]and the largest increase in soil water storage(ΔSWS)[(111.7±36.8)mm].Terraced fields had the lowest RSE[(46.1±11.7)％]during heavy rainstorm events.3)Soil moisture response was significantly influenced by rainfall amount and duration(p＜0.01),and the response degree decreased while the response time increased with soil depth.[Conclusion]This study reveals the differential response characteristics of soil moisture to rainfall under typical land use types in the loess tableland region.The findings provide a scientific basis for differentiated management of regional water and soil resources,optimization of land use structure,and sustainable development of ecosystems.
张婕;白晨赟;韩晓阳;蔡伟祥;乔江波;朱元骏
中国科学院教育部水土保持与生态环境研究中心,陕西杨凌 712100||中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌 712100||中国科学院大学,北京 100049西北农林科技大学水土保持科学与工程学院(水土保持研究所),水土保持与荒漠化整治全国重点实验室,陕西杨凌 712100中国科学院教育部水土保持与生态环境研究中心,陕西杨凌 712100||西北农林科技大学水土保持科学与工程学院(水土保持研究所),水土保持与荒漠化整治全国重点实验室,陕西杨凌 712100西北农林科技大学水土保持科学与工程学院(水土保持研究所),水土保持与荒漠化整治全国重点实验室,陕西杨凌 712100中国科学院教育部水土保持与生态环境研究中心,陕西杨凌 712100||西北农林科技大学水土保持科学与工程学院(水土保持研究所),水土保持与荒漠化整治全国重点实验室,陕西杨凌 712100中国科学院教育部水土保持与生态环境研究中心,陕西杨凌 712100||中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌 712100||中国科学院大学,北京 100049||西北农林科技大学水土保持科学与工程学院(水土保持研究所),水土保持与荒漠化整治全国重点实验室,陕西杨凌 712100
农业科技
黄土塬区土地利用方式土壤水分响应降雨入渗优先流
loess tableland regionland use typesoil moisture responserainfall infiltrationpreferential flow
《水土保持学报》 2026 (3)
200-210,11
国家自然科学基金项目(42377316)
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