副结核病疫苗研究进展OACHSSCD

Paratuberculosis is a significant infectious disease in animals caused by Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis(MAP)and characterized by chronic granulomatous enteritis.This disease extensively affects cattle,sheep,and various other animals.Annually,the disease inflicts billions of US dollars in economic damage on the global livestock industry worldwide.Furthermore,the potential correlation between MAP and Crohn's disease in humans has garnered considerable interest within the public health domain.Currently,commercial paratuberculosis vaccines face several commonly have limitations,including inadequate immune-protection,interference with bovine tuberculosis diagnosis,and injection site lesions,which hinder their ability to meet the prevention and control requirements of modern large-scale livestock production.This review systematically outlines the research progress and current status of paratuberculosis vaccines,and thoroughly analyzes the immunogenicity and limitations of vaccines including whole-cell vaccines,attenuated live vaccines,subunit vaccines,and peptide vaccines.Taking into account the geographical variability of globally prevalent strains,this review proposes a future vaccine strategy of prioritizing indigenous strains,synergizing multiple antigens,and achieving diagnostic compatibility,aiming to provide a theoretical basis for the optimization,upgrading,and clinical translation of paratuberculosis vaccines,and to promote the scientific prevention,control,and effective management of animal paratuberculosis.