六盘山半干旱区华北落叶松林蒸散及产水功能的坡向与季节变化OACHSSCD
Aspect and seasonal variations in evapotranspiration and water yield of Larix principis-rupprechtii forests in the semi-arid zone of the Liupan Mountains
探讨六盘山半干旱区华北落叶松(Larix gmelinii var.principis-rupprechtii)人工林的蒸散和产水功能,以期为旱区林水协调管理决策提供科学依据.在六盘山叠叠沟小流域生长华北落叶松林的不同坡向(西北半阴坡、西北阴坡、东北阴坡)的坡中部设置7个样地,于2023年生长季(5-10月)内定量监测生长季水文过程(冠层截留、林下蒸散、林木蒸腾、土壤储水变化、林冠叶面积指数变化等)评价其水量平衡特征及林地产水功能.研究表明:(1)生长季降水量为492 mm,多个样地的平均林冠截留量、林木蒸腾量、林下蒸散量分别为81.43、126.90、187.44 mm,各占同期降水量的16.55％、25.79％和38.1％.(2)各水文分量存在明显的时空差异,其中生长季的林冠截留量在坡向间差异不显著(P＞0.05);日均林木蒸腾量在西北阴坡最大(0.84 mm/d),比东北阴坡和西北半阴坡样地分别高0.14、0.32 mm/d,但在干旱期各坡向接近且差异不显著(P＞0.05);日均林下蒸散量在西北半阴坡最大(1.12 mm/d),明显比东北阴坡和西北阴坡分别高0.12、0.20 mm/d.(3)在3个坡向中,生长季林地净产水量在西北半阴坡最高,为109.27 mm,占同期总降水量的22.21％;林地净产水量的时间差异均表现为非干旱期-落叶期(9月19日-10月31日)＞干旱期-生长期(6月26日—9月18日)＞非干旱期-展叶期(5月1日—6月25日).其中干旱期-生长期的林地产水量在西北半阴坡达到50.65 mm,明显高出西北阴坡23.27 mm和东北阴坡12.88 mm.总之,在六盘山半干旱区,林木生长较差的半阴坡的林地蒸散量更低和产水量更高,考虑到干旱缺水会越来越严重,未来制定林水协调管理方案时需同时考虑林分结构和坡向的影响,科学提高林地产水功能,实现可持续经营.
In the semi-arid region of Liupan Mountains,the evapotranspiration and water yield functions of Larix gmelinii var.principis-rupprechtii plantations were investigated to provide scientific basis for water resource management in arid areas.The study was conducted in the Diediegou small watershed,where seven plots were established at mid-slope positions of northwest-facing semi-shaded,northwest-facing shaded,and northeast-facing shaded slopes.During the growing season(May-October 2023),the following hydrological processes were quantitatively monitored:canopy interception,understory evapotranspiration,tree transpiration,soil water storage changes,and leaf area index(LAI)variations.The results showed that the total precipitation during the growing season was 492 mm.The average canopy interception,tree transpiration,and understory evapotranspiration across the seven plots were 81.43 mm,126.90 mm,and 187.44 mm,respectively,accounting for 16.55％,25.79％,and 38.1％of the total precipitation.These components exhibited significant spatial and temporal variations.For example,daily mean tree transpiration was highest on northwest slopes(0.84 mm/d),which was 0.14 and 0.32 mm/d higher than on northeast and partially shaded northwest slopes,respectively.However,during drought periods,the differences between slope types were not significant.Similarly,daily mean understory evapotranspiration was highest on partially shaded northwest slopes(1.12 mm/d),being 0.12 and 0.20 mm/d higher than on northeast and fully shaded northwest slopes,respectively.The net water yield of the forest was highest on partially shaded northwest slopes,reaching 109.27 mm,or 22.21％of the total precipitation.The temporal variation in net water yield showed a pattern of non-drought period(September 19-October 31)＞drought period(June 26-September 18)＞regreening period(May 1-June 25).During the drought period,the water yield on partially shaded northwest slopes reached 50.65 mm,significantly higher than 23.27 mm on fully shaded northwest slopes and 12.88 mm on northeast slopes.Overall,in the semi-arid region of Liupan Mountains,plantations with lower LAI on partially shaded slopes exhibited lower evapotranspiration and higher water yield.Given the increasing severity of drought and water scarcity,future water and forest management strategies should consider both stand structure and environmental factors to scientifically enhance the water yield of artificial forests in water-limited regions,ensuring long-term sustainable forest management.
杨世纪;万艳芳;王冬梅;于澎涛;王彦辉;白雨诗
北京林业大学水土保持学院,国家林业和草原局水土保持与荒漠化防治重点实验室,北京 100083中国林业科学研究院森林生态环境与自然保护研究所国家林业和草原局森林生态环境重点实验室,北京 100091北京林业大学水土保持学院,国家林业和草原局水土保持与荒漠化防治重点实验室,北京 100083中国林业科学研究院森林生态环境与自然保护研究所国家林业和草原局森林生态环境重点实验室,北京 100091中国林业科学研究院森林生态环境与自然保护研究所国家林业和草原局森林生态环境重点实验室,北京 100091中国林业科学研究院森林生态环境与自然保护研究所国家林业和草原局森林生态环境重点实验室,北京 100091
华北落叶松蒸散水量平衡产水坡向半干旱区
Larix principis-rupprechtiievapotranspirationwater balancewater productionaspect of slopesemi-arid zone
《生态学报》 2026 (11)
6011-6021,11
"十四五"国家重点研发课题(2022YFF1300404)
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