海岸湿地地表水文连通对水鸟栖息地质量的影响OACHSSCD

Coastal wetlands are critical natural complexes that sustain nearshore biodiversity and ecosystem service functions.Surface hydrological connectivity,as a core driver of wetland ecological processes,not only directly regulates the spatiotemporal patterns of water movement,salt distribution,and nutrient cycling within the system but also profoundly shapes the quality and sustainability of waterbird habitats by influencing wetland hydrological regimes,vegetation spatial distribution,and benthic community structure.This review synthesizes recent advances in understanding the impact of hydrological connectivity on coastal wetland habitats.First,it focuses on analyzing the pivotal role of hydrological connectivity in key wetland hydrological processes,including its regulation of water level fluctuation amplitude and frequency,control over the extent,duration,and rhythm of tidal inundation,and dominance of water exchange efficiency and pathways among different wetland units.These hydrodynamic processes collectively form the physical foundation of wetland habitats.Second,it delves into the cascading ecological effects triggered by changes in hydrological connectivity.Alterations in hydrological conditions drive the structure,composition,and succession dynamics of vegetation communities,affecting vegetation density,height,and the supply of food resources.Hydrological connectivity directly regulates the biomass,diversity,and spatial distribution patterns of benthic fauna.These changes ultimately determine the food availability,shelter conditions,nesting security,and overall habitat suitability for waterbirds.In terms of research methodologies,this paper summarizes and evaluates the increasingly diverse and integrated multi-technique approaches in this field.Remote sensing and GIS technologies are widely applied for large-scale,long-term identification and dynamic analysis of connectivity,such as extracting tidal creek networks based on high-resolution imagery,calculating landscape connectivity indices,and retrieving inundation status and vegetation cover changes.Species distribution models and habitat suitability models are employed to quantify the statistical relationships between hydrological environmental variables and waterbird distribution,and to predict habitat patterns under future scenarios.Furthermore,the coupled application of eco-hydrological process models and hydrodynamic models enables researchers to simulate how changes in hydrological connectivity ultimately affect habitat quality through a series of physical and biological processes.Together,these studies provide insights into the coupling mechanisms between hydrological parameters and habitat quality models.Despite these advances,several challenges remain.The interruption of natural tidal channels has weakened hydrological exchange;vegetation restoration is often poorly aligned with hydrological design;and eco-hydrological mechanisms are still not well understood.Promoting nature-based restoration strategies,such as restoring natural tidal flows and hydrological networks,can strengthen ecosystem resilience and stability.Such approaches not only improve the ecological integrity of coastal wetlands but also strengthen their long-term capacity to support biodiversity conservation and sustainable regional development.