灌溉阈值对河北坝上地区大白菜耗水特征、产量和品质的影响OA
Effects of irrigation threshold on the water consumption,yield,and quality of Chinese cabbage in Bashang Area
河北坝上地区蔬菜生产长期面临灌溉管理粗放以及由此导致的水分利用效率低的问题,亟须构建高产-优质-节水协同的精准灌溉模式.本研究在该地区以大白菜为研究对象,分别在苗期、莲座期和结球期设置不同灌溉阈值,其中W1[苗期80％～95％田间持水量(FC),莲座期80％～95％FC,结球期80％～90％FC]总灌溉量为170.5 mm,W2(苗期 80％～90％FC,莲座期 70％～90％FC,结球期 70％～85％FC)总灌溉量为 135.1 mm,W3(苗期 80％～100％FC,莲座期60％～100％FC,结球期60％～100％FC)总灌溉量为210.4 mm,探究膜下滴灌土壤水分阈值调控对作物耗水、产量和品质的影响.结果表明:与灌溉量最高的W3处理相比,W2处理灌溉量和蒸散量分别减少35.7％和18.1％,毛菜和净菜产量未明显降低;而W1处理灌溉量和蒸散量分别减少39.8 mm和25.3 mm,净菜产量降低10.0％.3种灌溉方案相比,W2处理毛菜水分利用效率较W1和W3处理分别提高25.2％和20.1％,灌溉水利用效率分别提高40.8％和53.0％,且W2处理蔬菜品质总体最优,硝酸盐含量为1 422.7 mg/kg,维生素C含量为250.5 mg/kg.总体上,W2处理能够满足白菜不同生育阶段土壤水分需求,与作物需水规律较为一致,兼顾节水高效与品质提升.本研究结果为寒旱区坝上高原大白菜高效节水生产体系构建提供了重要理论依据和技术支撑.
The vegetable production in Bashang Area of Hebei is facing the problem of low water use efficiency caused by extensive irrigation management.It is urgent to build a high-yield,high-quality,and water-saving collaborative precision irrigation mode.In this study,the Chinese cabbage in this area was taken as the research object,and different irrigation thresholds were set at seedling stage,rosette stage,and heading stage.Specifically,the total irrigation amounts of W1[80％-95％field capacity(FC)at seedling stage,80％-95％FC at rosette stage,and 80％-90％FC at heading stage],W2(80％-90％FC at seedling stage,70％-90％FC at rosette stage,and 70％-85％FC at heading stage),and W3(80％-100％FC at seedling stage,60％-100％FC at rosette stage,and 60％-100％FC at heading stage)were 170.5,135.1,and 210.4 mm,respectively.The effects of soil water threshold regulation of drip irrigation under film on crop water consumption,yield,and quality were explored.The results indicated that compared with W3(the highest irrigation amount),W2 showed the decreases of 35.7％and 18.1％in the irrigation and evapotranspiration,respectively,with no significant reduction in the yields of untrimmed and trimmed vegetables.Compared with W3,the irrigation and evapotranspiration of W1 decreased by 39.8 and 25.3 mm,respectively,resulting in a 10.0％decrease in trimmed vegetable yield.Comparison of the three irrigation schemes showed that W2 exhibited increases of 25.2％and 20.1％in the water use efficiency and 40.8％and 53.0％in the irrigation water use efficiency compared with W1 and W3,respectively.Moreover,W2 had the best vegetable quality(nitrate content:1422.7 mg/kg;vitamin C:250.5 mg/kg).In general,W2 can meet the soil water demand of Chinese cabbage at different growth stages,which is consistent with the water demand law of crops.Selecting the appropriate soil water threshold and irrigation amount for precise water control enables the reduction in water consumption under the premise of ensuring the yields and quality of untrimmed and trimmed vegetables and the synergistic improvement of water use efficiency and irrigation water use efficiency.The results of this study provide an important theoretical basis and technical support for the construction of an efficient water-saving production system of Chinese cabbage in Bashang Plateau in cold and arid regions.
李亮亮;吴丹;黄欣莉;刘帆;张玉翠;郭晓楠;王玉才
甘肃农业大学水利水电工程学院 兰州 730070||中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所农业资源研究中心/河北省节水农业重点实验室 石家庄 050022河北省气象服务中心 石家庄 050021张家口市农业高效节水研究所 张家口 075000中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所农业资源研究中心/河北省节水农业重点实验室 石家庄 050022中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所农业资源研究中心/河北省节水农业重点实验室 石家庄 050022河北地质大学土地科学与空间规划学院 石家庄 052161甘肃农业大学水利水电工程学院 兰州 730070
农业科技
膜下滴灌水平衡水分利用效率产量品质
drip irrigation under filmwater balancewater use efficiencyyieldquality
《中国生态农业学报（中英文）》 2026 (6)
1355-1362,8
河北省重点研发计划项目(22377001D)和河北省自然科学基金项目(C2023403003)资助 This study was supported by the Science and Technology Support Program of Hebei Province(22377001D)and the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province(C2023403003).
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