基于喷管激发压力波的水管道泄漏识别与定位研究OA
Study on leakage identification and localization in water pipelines based on nozzle-excited pressure waves
[目的]压力波凭借其携带能量和信息的属性已在管道泄漏检测领域得到广泛应用.基于现有压力波发生装置的局限性并进一步探究泄漏水管道中压力波激发与传播特性,[方法]设计了一种利用压缩气体通过喷管冲击水管道,从而主动激发压力波的装置(喷管式压力波发生装置),并将其应用于水管道泄漏检测试验平台,在长度约为120 m的管道中测试了有、无泄漏工况下进气压力、进气时间、泄漏孔径以及泄漏位置对泄漏孔上下游压力波特性的影响,并利用有、无泄漏工况下的压力曲线差值(差值法)以及泄漏工况下压力曲线斜率(斜率法)两种方式对泄漏进行定位.[结果]试验结果表明:管道泄漏的存在会导致泄漏孔上游监测点的压力波波形发生畸变并产生波形分离现象,还会引起下游监测点的整体压力的衰减,且随着进气压力的提升、进气时间的增加以及泄漏孔径的增大,这种泄漏特征呈现出越明显的趋势;泄漏孔上游监测点压力波波形的畸变位置会随着泄漏位置的不同而改变,通过差值法以及斜率法可以很好地对畸变时间点进行识别并实现对泄漏的定位.差值法和斜率法泄漏定位的最大绝对误差分别为-2.31 m和-2.78 m,最大相对误差分别为-5.64％和-8.24％.[结论]研究成果证明了喷管式压力波发生装置用于水管道泄漏检测的可行性,并可为水管道中泄漏识别与定位技术提供一定参考.
[Objective]Pressure waves have been widely applied in the field of pipeline leakage detection due to their ability to carry energy and information.The aims are to address the limitations of existing pressure wave generators and to further investigate the excitation and propagation characteristics of pressure waves in leaking water pipelines.[Methods]A nozzle-type pressure wave generator was designed,which actively excited pressure waves by using compressed gas to impact the water pipeline through a nozzle,and was applied to an experimental platform for water pipeline leakage detection.In a pipeline about 120 meters long,the effects of intake pressure,intake time,leakage aperture,and leakage location on the upstream and downstream pressure wave characteristics of the leakage hole were tested under both leakage and non-leakage conditions.Leakage localization was performed using two methods:the difference method based on the pressure curve difference between leakage and non-leakage conditions,and the slope method based on the slope of the pressure curve under leakage conditions.[Results]Experimental results showed that the presence of pipeline leakage led to distortion of the pressure waveform and the occurrence of waveform separation at the upstream monitoring point of the leakage hole,and also caused overall pressure attenuation at the downstream monitoring point.As the intake pressure increased,intake time extended,and leakage aperture enlarged,these leakage characteristics became more pronounced.The distortion position of the pressure waveform at the upstream monitoring point varied with the leakage location.The distortion time point could be effectively identified,and the leakage could be localized using the difference method and the slope method.The maximum absolute localization errors using the difference method and the slope method were-2.31 m and-2.78 m,respectively,with maximum relative errors of-5.64％and-8.24％,respectively.[Conclusion]The research findings verify the feasibility of using a nozzle-type pressure wave generator for water pipeline leakage detection and can provide references for leakage identification and localization technologies in water pipelines.
李文龙;郭希健;赵林坤;邓建强
西安交通大学 化学工程与技术学院,陕西西安 710049||陕西省能源化工过程强化重点实验室,陕西 西安 710049西安交通大学 化学工程与技术学院,陕西西安 710049||陕西省能源化工过程强化重点实验室,陕西 西安 710049西安交通大学 化学工程与技术学院,陕西西安 710049||陕西省能源化工过程强化重点实验室,陕西 西安 710049西安交通大学 化学工程与技术学院,陕西西安 710049||陕西省能源化工过程强化重点实验室,陕西 西安 710049
交通工程
压力波压力波发生装置喷管水管道泄漏特征泄漏定位差值法斜率法
pressure wavepressure wave generatornozzlewater pipelineleakage characteristicsleak localizationdifference methodslope method
《水利水电技术（中英文）》 2026 (5)
166-177,12
国家自然科学基金项目(21978227)
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