固体颗粒储热技术综述:原理、材料、装置与应用OA

Against the backdrop of global low-carbon energy transition,the intermittency of renewable energy,the severe mismatch between energy supply and demand and other prominent energy challenges are positioning energy storage technology as a core support for renewable energy integration.Solid particle thermal energy storage technology has significant advantages,including a wide operating temperature range,stable thermal cycling,and environmental friendliness,showing great application potential in concentrated solar power,industrial waste heat recovery,and other fields.To clarify the application scenarios of different solid particle materials,the internal relationships are elucidated following the main line of"thermal energy storage mechanisms-solid particle materials-thermal energy storage devices-engineering applications",whereby thermal energy storage mechanisms determine material adaptability,material properties constrain device structures,and device design supports practical applications.Solid particles can serve as media for four technical pathways:sensible heat storage(SHS),latent heat storage(LHS),thermochemical heat storage(TCHS),and composite thermal energy storage(CTES).The principles of each pathway,suitable typical particle materials,and their key thermophysical parameters are analyzed.SHS technology is mature but materials have low thermal density;LHS has higher thermal density and stable heat release,but materials face challenges like supercooling and encapsulation leakage;TCES materials have high thermal density but slow reaction rates,requiring gas processing systems which increase the initial investment;CTES materials have large interfacial thermal resistance but can improve system stability.The structures and working principles of three mainstream thermal energy storage devices—fixed beds,moving beds,and fluidized beds—are analyzed in depth.By clarifying the heat transfer correlation equations and characteristics(particle size,particle loss,and pressure drop)of different fluidized beds,the application scenarios and existing challenges of different devices are summarized.Specifically,packed beds are suitable for large particles,moving beds for medium particles,and fluidized beds for fine particles(e.g.,microencapsulated phase change and thermochemical particles).By constructing a complete technical framework from materials to engineering implementation,the findings provide a technical basis for the rapid development and engineering application of solid particle thermal energy storage.Solid particle thermal energy storage technology will focus on high-value utilization of solid waste in terms of materials,optimization of bed structure and low-wear conveying technology in terms of devices,and integration of materials,devices,and intelligent monitoring platforms in terms of the whole thermal storage system in the future.