大口黑鲈配合饲料优化与投喂策略研究进展OA

As one of the dominant freshwater aquaculture species in China,the optimization of formulated feed and precise feeding management(Micropterus salmoides)is of great significance for promoting the green and healthy development of the industry.This paper systematically reviews the research progress in nutri-tional requirements,fishmeal alternative protein sources,application of functional feed additives,and feed-ing strategies for largemouth bass.The suitable dietary protein requirement for largemouth bass is 48%-51%,the lipid requirement is 12%,and starch supplementation should not exceed 10%.Regarding fish-meal substitution,the addition of enzymolyzed soy-bean meal in plant proteins should not exceed 30%,with an upper limit of 22.2%for cottonseed protein concentrate.Among animal proteins,black soldier fly meal,krill meal,and chicken meal show good potential,with recommended inclusion levels of 5%-15%,10%-30%,and no more than 30%,respectively.Furthermore,the application of novel protein sources(e.g.,Clostridium autoetha-nogenum protein,yeast culture,traditional Chi-nese medicine residues)and composite protein sources further expands the pathways for fishmeal replace-ment.Regarding feed additives,Clostridium butyricum(1.5×1010 CFU/kg),a compound Chinese herbal medi-cine of hawthorn(5‰),taurine(0.10%),and pancreatin(679 mg/kg)can effectively improve growth perfor-mance,intestinal health,and muscle quality.In terms of feeding strategies,the suitable daily feeding fre-quency is 4 times/d for fry,2 times/d for juvenile and adult fish,and 1 time/d during the overwintering period.Moderate feed restriction(70%-85%of satiation)and cyclic starvation-feeding regimes help improve feed utilization and muscle quality.