纳米硅肥对'果真好1号'枇杷果实品质的影响OA

[Objective]This study aimed to investigate the effects of different concentrations of nano-silicon fertilizer on the fruit quality of loquat cultivar 'Guozhenhao 1',so as to provide technical support for its application in high-quality loquat cultivation.[Method]Seven-year-old 'Guozhenhao 1'loquat trees were used as experimental materials.At the early stage of rapid fruit growth,five concentra-tions of nano-silicon fertilizer(diluted at 1∶1 100,1∶950,1∶800,1∶650,and 1∶500,v/v)were sprayed on the foliage,with clear water spraying as the control.The effects on fruit quality and antioxi-dant enzyme activities were then investigated.[Result]Nano-silicon fertilizer improved fruit weight,ed-ible rate,longitudinal diameter,transverse diameter,yellow chroma(b* value),soluble solids content,total phenolic content,and antioxidant enzyme activities to varying degrees,while reducing red chroma(a* value),firmness,and vitamin C content.However,no significant effects were observed on fruit shape index,lightness(L* value),titratable acidity,or carotenoid content.Compared with the control,the 1∶1 100 and 1∶950 dilutions increased fruit weight by 33.56%and 38.03%,respectively;the 1∶1 100 and 1∶500 dilutions increased edible rate by 9.59%and 8.31%,respectively;the 1∶950 dilution increased soluble solids content,soluble sugar content,and sugar-acid ratio by 24.78%,27.26%,and 27.26%,respectively;and the 1∶1 100 dilution increased total phenolic and total flavonoid contents by 52.48%and 17.78%,respectively.The 1∶950 dilution increased SOD and CAT activities by 10.05%and 88.68%,respectively,while the 1∶800 and 1∶650 dilutions enhanced POD activity by 29.08%and 39.76%,respectively.Principal component analysis(PCA)was employed to comprehensively evaluate the improvement effects of nano-silicon fertilizer on loquat fruit quality.Four principal components with eigenvalues>1 were extracted,cumulatively accounting for 94.462%of the total variance,which encom-passed fruit appearance quality,flavor quality,and nutritional quality.Based on the comprehensive scores from PCA,the improvement effects on fruit quality ranked as follows:1∶950 dilution>1∶1 100 dilution>control>1∶800 dilution>1∶500 dilution>1∶650 dilution.[Conclusion]Foliar application of nano-silicon fertilizer at a 1∶950 dilution significantly enhanced the comprehensive fruit quality and antioxidant enzyme activities of ' Guozhenhao 1' loquat.This concentration was identified as the optimal treatment in this study,providing a scientific basis for the precise application of silicon fertilizer in high-quality loquat cultivation.