小商贩与清代海南岛汉黎交融OACHSSCD

The Qing Dynasty gradually established rural markets in conveniently accessible areas inhabited by the Li people,facilitating ethnic economic and cultural exchanges,interactions,and integration.In many remote Li-inhabited re-gions,vendors served as a vital bridge connecting the Li people with the outside world.Han vendors who ventured deep into Li-inhabited areas in the Qing Dynasty played an irreplaceable role in ethnic economic exchanges,yet they also brought about negative impacts.The Qing government adopted various measures to restrict vendors'activities in Li-inhab-ited areas,yet all these attempts ended in failure.Commercial operations conducted by vendors in Li-inhabited areas boosted integration of ethnic bloodlines,cultural communication,and technical exchanges between the Han and Li peoples,constituting an important link in forging a strong sense of the community of the Chinese nation.