湖南攸县(江桥)话中的古汉语成分OACHSSCD

The Youxian dialect of Hunan belongs to Ji-Cha cluster of Gan dialect,and its preserved archaic Chinese elements are mainly reflected in phonetics and lexicon.The archaic phonological components are:(1)Labiodental sounds didn't exist in archaic Chinese but merged into bilabial sounds;(2)The characters with the initial wei are pronounced as the voiced labiodental fricative v;(3)There are no retroflex initials in archaic Chinese;(4)Remnants of zhang group originate from the jian series;(5)Niang and ri initials merge into the ni initial;(6)The yi initial is retained in archaic Chinese;(7)The pronunciation of the third-grade characters of ma rhyme in archaic Chinese is preserved;(8)Most open-mouth Grade II characters of the jian series still retain velar initial consonants.The main components of the preserved archaic words include:(1)nouns and objects:ritou(sun),yueguang(moonlight),tiancheng(field ridge),yebu(night),baosu(corn),shuangshengzi(twins),shouqi(coffin),ye(father),erhuo(ear pick),guniu(bull),zhulan(pigsty),jiao(foot),jingrou(lean meat),etc.;(2)actions and behaviors:qihuo(cook),qiwu(build a house),bao(hatch),sanxue(finish school),chai(tear),kai(wipe),ying(stare),pen(overflow),etc.;(3)properties and states:ji(hungry),wo(dirty),ou(smoky),etc.The study of the archaic elements in the Jiangqiao dialect provides vivid linguistic data for establishing the phonetic,morphological,and semantic relationships of dialectal words,as well as for the study of Chinese language history,dialectal research,and linguistic teaching.