变革与探索OACHSSCD

This study analyzed the Bunriha Kenchiku Kai in Japan to clarify its founding background,intellectual sources,design methods,and influence on the development of modern architecture in Japan.The Bunriha Kenchiku Kai emerged at a historical turning point,as Japanese architecture,in the wake of the Meiji Restoration,was shifting from imitating Western models to a more active exploration of modern architecture.Existing studies focus on individual members and the formal characteristics of their works but pay less attention to the social thoughts involved,stylistic transformations,and promotion mechanisms of new materials.This study investigated the Bunriha Kenchiku Kai more systematically from the perspectives of separation objects,separation motivations,and separation modes. The reasons for the formation of Bunriha Kenchiku Kai are discussed by cross-checking historical facts against documentary sources.Its formation is mainly attributed to two factors:the drive by a new architectural style,and the introduction of new materials.With the rise of national self-awareness in the Taisho period,young Japanese architects began to reflect on the Meiji-era reliance on Western historical styles and sought to break away from established models to search for new architectural expressions.With the increasing use of reinforced concrete and other new structural systems,it became possible to achieve a more formal composition and spatial expression in architecture.At the same time,the curricular division between the design-oriented and structure-oriented tracks in the Department of Architecture at Tokyo Imperial University led young architects to think deeply about the relationship between art and structure in architecture.Although the Bunriha Kenchiku Kai was formed mainly by students associated with the design-oriented style,it was not a simple opposition to the structure-oriented style.Rather,it was an exploratory response to the question of what modern architecture could become under new educational conditions and within a rapidly changing historical context. When the Bunriha Kenchiku Kai was founded in 1920,its most important claim was that architecture should no longer depend on established historical styles but be created in response to the era's needs,the availability of materials,and the creative spirit of architects.Although its members did not develop a single unified style,they all attempted to free architecture from traditional stylistic constraints through geometric composition,rhythmic curves,volumetric articulation,and the expressive use of materials.Kikuji Ishimoto emphasized the geometric recomposition of points,lines,and planes;Mamoru Yamada explored the evolution from geometry to organic form;and Sutemi Horiguchi proposed the idea of a"style without style",arguing that architectural form should arise naturally from practical demands and inner spirit.In this sense,the Bunriha Kenchiku Kai introduced a new design concept that views architecture as an artistic creation and an expression of the spirit of the era rather than establishing a fixed new style. In terms of its significance for Japanese architectural history,the Bunriha Kenchiku Kai stimulated the rise of a series of architectural groups in the Taisho and early Showa periods through its exhibitions,manifestos,and published essays,and it became one of the key points of origin of Japanese modernist design.Although it dissolved in 1928 and some of its ideas remained transitional and experimental,its members continued to play important roles in architectural education,design practice,and the transmission of Western modernism in Japan.In sum,the Bunriha Kenchiku Kai was the first organization in Japanese architectural history to declare collectively that architecture was an art.It helped shift Japanese architecture from passive imitation of the West toward an active exploration of the nature of modern architecture,thereby laying an important foundation for the localized development of modernist architectural thought in Japan.