2000年以来陕西省审定小麦品种的产量、品质及抗病性分析OA

To provide a reference for wheat breeding,this study conducted a statistical analysis on the yield,quality,disease resistance,and parental usage of wheat varieties approved in Shaanxi Province since 2000.Results indicate that a total of 317 wheat varieties were approved in Shaanxi Province from 2000 to 2025.Among these,267 varieties were developed for the Guanzhong irrigation area(including 262 common varieties and 5 special-purpose varieties),accounting for 84.23％;39 varieties were de-veloped for dryland farming,representing 12.30％;and 11 varieties were developed for the regions of southern Shaanxi,constituting 3.47％.Among the 262 common varieties suitable for the Guanzhong irrigation area,yield exhibited an increasing trend with an average annual increase of 101.3 kg·hm-2.Yield was positively correlated with plant height,kernels per spike,and thousand kernel weight.For quality traits,test weight,water absorption,and maximum tensile resistance showed a gradual increasing trend,while the content of protein and wet gluten,the stability time and the stretching area of the dough showed a decreasing trend.Among the 262 approved wheat varieties,8 varieties(3.05％)were strong gluten wheat,19 varieties(7.25％)were medium-strong gluten wheat,and 235 varieties(89.69％)were medium gluten wheat,with no weak gluten varieties recorded.The number of approved high-quality wheat varieties showed an increasing trend.Regarding disease resist-ance,among the 262 common varieties in the Guanzhong irrigation area,40 varieties(15.2％)showed moderate resistance and resistance to Fusarium head blight(FHB).Seventeen varieties(6.4％)showed high resistance or immunity to powdery mildew,and 45 varieties(17.1％)showed moderate resistance.Fifty-four varieties(20.2％)exhibited high resistance or immunity to stripe rust,while 123 varieties(46.2％)showed moderate resistance.For sheath blight resistance,among the 106 varie-ties investigated,3 varieties(2.8％)and 22 varieties(20.8％)showed high and moderate resistance,respectively.In total,65 varieties(24.8％)exhibited combined resistance to two diseases,and 36 va-rieties(13.6％)exhibited combined resistance to three or more diseases.Single cross combinations were the major breeding method,accounting for 82.02％.Analysis of parental usage revealed that a-mong the 317 varieties,409 parental materials were employed,with seven parents being used multiple times,including Zhoumai 16(26 times),Xiaoyan 22(18 times),Xinong 979(16 times),Zhoumai 18(14 times),Zhengmai 366(13 times),Zhoumai 22(10 times),and Xinong 822(10 times).The study indicates that the number of high-quality wheat varieties approved in Shaanxi Province remains limit-ed,with a lack of varieties with combined resistance to multiple diseases.Breeding methods are rela-tively singular,and the genetic background is relatively narrow.