多囊卵巢综合征的病因及发病机制研究进展OA

Polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS)is primarily characterized by hyperandrogenism,ovulatory dysfunction,and polycystic ovarian morphology.Typical clinical manifestations include menstrual irregularity,hirsutism,recurrent miscarriage,and infertility,as well as associated metabolic syndrome.Owing to its pronounced clinical heterogeneity and a pathogenesis involving multidimensional interactions among genetic,endocrine,metabolic,immunological,and microbiomic factors,curative interventions targeting the core mechanisms remain unavailable.Current clinical management is largely confined to symptomatic treatment,with limited efficacy in improving the long-term quality of life of affected patients.This review analyzes recent research progress on the pathogenic mechanisms of PCOS across multiple dimensions-including genetics,endocrinology,metabolism,immunology,and the microbiome-and examines the interplay among these contributing factors,with the aim of providing a reference for individualized precision diagnosis and treatment,as well as for future mechanistic investigations.