国外航天领域量子前沿技术发展综述OA

Quantum information technology includes three core branches:quantum computing,quantum communication,and quantum detection.It breaks through the performance bottlenecks of traditional information technology and acts as a core driving force of the next round of technological revolution,attracting worldwide attention.Research institutes and aerospace organizations worldwide have identified it as a priority area for cutting-edge research.The maturity of the three technologies varies significantly:spaceborne quantum communication has finished on-orbit verification and entered the networking application stage;quantum computing is limited to laboratory prototypes with multiple engineering obstacles;quantum detection technology grows rapidly and is transforming from fundamental experiments to aerospace engineering applications.The aerospace scenario has become the prime test field for cutting-edge quantum technologies.This paper sorts out the global progress of the three technologies,compares the structural features,key indicators,and technical defects of various routes,and analyzes difficulties in spaceborne adaptation.Based on major aerospace missions including satellite networking,deep space exploration,and high-precision navigation,this paper discusses the application modes of quantum technology in secure space communication,high-precision Earth observation,and on-orbit computing,forecasts the long-term development and industrialization of spaceborne quantum systems,and provides a theoretical reference for the research of aerospace quantum payloads and relevant project planning.