烟草靶斑病流行态势、病原遗传分化及生物防治进展OA

With global warming and changes in cropping systems,tobacco target spot caused by Rhizoctonia solani has evolved from a minor disease into a major limiting factor severely threatening global tobacco production.This review systematically summarizes the epidemiological characteristics,pathogen population genetic structure,and progress in biological control of the disease.Epidemiological analysis indicates that high temperature,high humidity,and soil environmental factors are key drivers of disease outbreaks.Pathogenic studies reveal a complex differentiation of anastomosis groups(AGs)within R.solani.While AG-3 remains the dominant population in China with distinct subgroup differentiation(AG-3 TB/PT/TM),the frequent emergence of new pathogenic groups such as AG-5,AG-6,and AG1-IB highlights an expansion in host range and increasing genetic complexity of the pathogen.Addressing the resistance and environmental risks associated with chemical control,this paper focuses on biological control strategies.It deeply analyzes the synergistic inhibitory mechanisms of antagonistic bacteria(e.g.,Bacillus spp.)mediated by volatile organic compounds(VOCs)and lipopeptides.In response to the severe challenge that resistance breeding and single control measures are highly susceptible to failure due to current pathogen genetic differentiation,this paper proposes a core academic viewpoint:shifting from a"single pathogen-host game"to a systematic management model based on"synergistic micro-ecological targeted regulation and immune induction".Furthermore,it discusses the application potential of microbial secondary metabolites and plant immune inducers.Finally,future perspectives on integrated management based on pathogen population dynamic monitoring,rhizosphere microbiome engineering,and big data-driven intelligent forecasting are proposed,aiming to provide a theoretical basis for the green and precise control of tobacco target spot.