油菜还田与栽插期对甘薯产质量及效益的影响OA

To screen high-efficiency cropping systems for rapeseed-sweetpotato rotation in drylands of western Henan,this study investigated the effects of rapeseed incorporation methods(root stubble incorporation,full incorporation,and winter fallow,denoted as R,Q,and W,respectively)and transplanting dates(early,appropriate,and late,denoted as D1,D2,and D3,respectively)on the yield,quality,and economic benefits of sweetpotato using the cultivar Pushu 32.The results showed that:Compared with the W treatment,Q treatment significantly increased vine length,branch and tuber number per plant,with the QD1 treatment showing the best performance,reaching 225.00 cm,16.00 branches per plant,and 4.83 tubers per plant,respectively.Both incorporation methods and transplanting dates significantly affected yield,with the order of effectiveness being Q>R>W and D1>D2>D3.The QD1 treatment achieved the highest yield of 23.98 t·hm-2,which was 26.75％and 19.96％higher than RD1 and WD1,respectively.Q treatment significantly increased the soluble sugar content of tubers,averaging 2.61 and 3.12 percentage points higher than R and W,respectively,with QD3 reaching the highest value of 19.78％.Starch and reducing sugar contents were significantly influenced by transplanting date,reaching the maximum under the D2.Q treatment favored crude protein accumulation under early transplanting conditions,with QD1 achieving the highest crude protein content of 17.81％.Compared with W,Q treatment significantly increased the proportion of secondary and tertiary marketable tubers.Specifically,the output value of Q and R treatments increased by an average of 19.60％and 4.88％,respectively.The output value of D1 treatment was 17.06％-27.23％and 42.83％-60.20％higher than D2 and D3,respectively.Due to early market availability,QD1 achieved a higher average price,with a sweetpotato output value of 94 001.60 CNY·hm-2.In conclusion,full rapeseed incorporation(Q)combined with early sweetpotato transplanting(D1)can optimize agronomic traits,yield,and economic characteristics of sweetpotato,serving as the optimal pattern for rapeseed-sweetpotato rotation in drylands of western Henan.This approach is of great significance for improving the multiple cropping index and enhancing the grain-oil productivity and efficiency in dryland areas.