微藻对镉的解毒机制及其在生物修复中的应用OA

Cadmium(Cd),as a heavy metal pollutant characterized by high toxicity and strong bio-accumulation,poses a serious threat to aquatic ecosystems and human health.As important primary pro-ducers,microalgae exhibit high sensitivity to Cd stress while also evolving multilayered tolerance and de-toxification mechanisms,demonstrating great potential in bioremediation.Starting from the toxic effects of Cd on microalgae,this review summarizes the damage characteristics at the levels of growth,photosynthe-sis,oxidative stress,and cellular structure.It then systematically outlines the synergistic detoxification network constructed by microalgae through extracellular sequestration,antioxidant scavenging,chelation and compartmentalization,and active efflux.Furthermore,it compares Cd removal capacities among vari-ous microalgae and discusses the application progress of enhanced technologies such as immobilized mi-croalgae technology,algal-bacterial symbiotic systems,and genetic engineering.Finally,it objectively examines the technical bottlenecks and ecological safety constraints of the"Cd pollution remediation-re-source recovery"coupled model and offers future research perspectives.This review provides a theoretical basis and technical reference for the application of microalgae in the control of heavy metal pollution.