奶牛子宫内膜炎发病机制与中药活性单体治疗研究进展OA

Bovine endometritis is a major reproductive disease that hinders the development of the dairy industry.Although traditional treatment relies primarily on antibiotics,the implementation of policies aimed at reducing and restricting antibiotic use has created an urgent need for safe and effective alternatives.Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)has demonstrated considerable potential owing to its multiple pharmacological activities,including antibacterial,anti-inflammatory,antioxidant and immunomodulatory effects.However,the complex composition and unclear mechanisms of action of TCM formulas limit their precise clinical application.Isolating and identifying active monomers with well-defined chemical structures from TCM,along with systematically evaluating their efficacy and elucidating their underlying mechanisms,represents an important strategy for developing novel veterinary drugs with well-characterized components and explicit targets.This review systematically summarizes the therapeutic mechanisms of representative active monomers—including alkaloids,polyphenols,tannins,flavonoids,and diterpene quinones—against bovine endometritis.It covers their roles in exerting antibacterial activity,anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects,antioxidant capacity,tissue repair,and microecological regulation.Furthermore,this review discusses the current limitations of TCM active monomers,particularly in terms of in vivo metabolism,target identification,and bioavailability,and proposes future research directions to facilitate the translation of TCM active monomers from basic research to clinical application.