基于LCA的白云鄂博铌矿开采环境影响分析OA

Taking the Bayan Obo niobium mine as the research case,a life cycle assessment framework was established based on SimaPro software and the TRACI model,and the environmental burdens of each mining stage were quantitatively analyzed.The results showed that within the whole life cycle,the impact of human health carcinogens was the most prominent,followed by ecotoxicity and eutrophication.The crushing and loading-unloading stage contributed 60%～80%to most impact categories,with a contribution rate of 71.78%to carcinogen impacts,which was mainly attributed to its electricity consumption accounting for 83.39%of the total power consumption.According to process contribution analysis,key pollution sources were identified as waste residues,coal slime and slag generated from hard coal and lignite mining,as well as red mud produced from bauxite digestion.By comparing different power generation combinations,the scheme of"hard coal+natural gas"was found to exert the minimum environmental impact,followed by"hard coal+photovoltaic power",both of which could be adopted as clean alternative energy sources.Considering both environmental benefits and economic efficiency,the priority was recommended to be given to the promotion of photovoltaic power generation,followed by energy-saving and consumption-reducing equipment,and technologies such as electric heavy-duty trucks and energy-saving driving were suggested for further application.The research findings were provided as a reference for optimizing the energy structure and reducing environmental impacts during niobium mining.