"无师无友"之惑:青年黄遵宪的士变之旅OACHSSCD

During the transition from traditional scholar-officials to modern intellectuals,Huang Zunxian embodied the inherent tensions and complexity of this shift through his unique life experiences.Nurtured by traditional family scholarship yet confronted with the impact of Western learning from overseas,he pursued new knowledge on a spiritual solitary journey,with no mentors to follow and no confidants to turn to.His lament over"having neither mentors nor confidants"marked the outset of his intellectual independence.It also drove him to break away from the life trajectory of traditional literati,transcend the seclusion of rural northeastern Guangdong,and cast his vision upon the vast overseas world.Huang Zunxian's journey of intellectual transformation was a bitter spiritual odyssey forged in the cracks of clashes between Eastern and Western cultures.