聚酰亚胺气凝胶:制备、性能调控与应用研究进展OA

Polyimide(PI)aerogels are a class of high-performance porous materials that synergistically combine the su-perior mechanical properties,extreme high-and low-temperature resistance,and low dielectric characteristics of poly-imides as well as the ultrahigh porosity,ultralow density and thermal conductivity of aerogels,holding important applica-tion prospects in cutting-edge technological fields This article systematically reviews the recent research progress in the fabrication strategies of PI-based aerogels,covering sol-gel processes,drying technologies,and microstructure regula-tion methods.The influence mechanisms of various synthetic parameters on their pore structure,mechanical strength,thermal insulation and other properties are analyzed.The research advances in improving the overall performances of materials via fiber reinforcement,nanocomposite modification and surface functionalization are comprehensively re-viewed.Furthermore,the state-of-the-art research and application status of PI aerogels in the fields of thermal manage-ment and protection,energy absorption,adsorption and filtration,pressure sensing,and flexible wearable devices are sys-tematically introduced.Finally,the current challenges of PI aerogels in large-scale fabrication,environmental durability and multifunctional integration are discussed,and future development trends are prospected,aiming to provide a valu-able reference for further research,development and engineering application of such high-performance materials.