液体活检中CTC及其簇的精准检测与分离技术研究进展OA

Circulating tumor cell(CTC)and their clustered structure(CTC cluster)play a pivotal role in the process of dis-tant tumor metastasis.However,they are extremely low abundance in peripheral blood,structural fragility,and phenotypic hetero-geneity pose significant challenges for efficient detection via liquid biopsy.Achieving high-efficiency and structure-preserving en-richment of CTC and CTC cluster has become a critical technical bottleneck in the development of clinically applicable liquid biop-sy systems.In recent years,various separation strategies have been proposed to address the phenotypic diversity and structural in-tegrity of CTC and CTC cluster,including approaches based on physical properties,biomarker recognition,and integrated multi-modal techniques such as immunomagnetic beads,density gradient centrifugation,microfluidic chips,and functionalized nanoplat-forms.This review systematically outlines the developmental trajectory of current mainstream enrichment technologies,with a fo-cus on comparing their performance in terms of capture efficiency,structural preservation,throughput capacity,and clinical appli-cability.Special attention is given to their effectiveness in identifying low-expression heterogeneous subpopulations and preserving the intact architecture of CTC clusters.Furthermore,the review explores recent advancements involving novel materials and intel-ligent release mechanisms,highlighting the challenges and opportunities in functional research and clinical translation.The aim is to provide a comprehensive technical reference and theoretical foundation for building sensitive,specific,and practically applicable platforms for the detection of CTC and CTC cluster.