智能开颅手术机器人:技术体系、临床应用与未来挑战OA

As a key piece of equipment in neurosurgical precision procedures,craniotomy robots have evolved in the technological framework from positioning tools to intelligent platforms,achieving significant progress in system architecture,control algorithm and mechanical design.This article reviewed the developmental history,analyzed the domestic and foreign status from the perspectives of technical capacity,industrial landscape and policy support,and compared the technical features and product characteristics of representative robot systems.It provided an in-depth analysis of the implementation approaches and latest advancements in core technologies,including mechanical configuration,path planning,control optimization,accuracy assurance and system integration.In clinical applications,the craniotomy robots had demonstrated advantages such as millimeter-level precision,standardized workflows and high safety in areas such as stereotactic biopsy,intracerebral hemorrhage puncture,while also showing potential for expansion into minimally invasive procedures.However,challenges remained in areas such as tactile feedback and real-time compensation for intraoperative brain tissue shift.Looking ahead,the neurosurgical paradigms will be driven toward greater safety,precision and intelligence through deeper integration of artificial intelligence,advancement of modular architectures,and the establishment of standardized training systems.