纳米吸管的制备:从结构调控到功能应用OA

Nanopipettes are a class of glass or quartz capillaries with nanometer-sized apertures.Due to their high spatiotemporal resolution and negligible invasiveness,nanopipettes have exhibited unique advantages in single-cell analysis and biosensing.The primary fabrication methods for nanopipettes include laser pulling and chemical etching.To meet specific application requirements,researchers have developed diverse surface modification techniques,such as vapor deposition,electrochemical deposition,photochemical modification,alongside non-covalent and covalent coupling,to regulate surface charge and interfacial properties,thereby significantly enhancing analytical sensitivity and selectivity.With the continuous advancement of fabrication and functionalization strategies,nanopipettes have evolved into a vital platform for constructing highly sensitive sensors,intelligent molecular channels,and multifunctional probes,offering new opportunities in life science research and medical diagnostics.In view of this,this review systematically summarized the recent progress in preparation and modification of nanopipettes.Specifically,this review discussed the fundamental principles,scopes of application,and inherent limitations of chemical vapor deposition,physical vapor deposition,chemical deposition,as well as non-covalent and covalent modifications.Ultimately,this review aimed to provide valuable references for selection and optimization of nanopipette fabrication and surface modification,facilitating further advancement of nanopipette-based technologies.