施用钙镁调理剂对酸性红壤区雪茄烟产量及品质的影响OA
Application of Calcium-Magnesium Conditioner for Yield and Quality Improvements of Cigar Tobacco in Acidic Red Soil Regions
[目的]探究施用钙镁调理剂对酸性红壤区雪茄烟产量及品质的影响,筛选适宜施用量与配施方案,为酸性植烟土壤雪茄烟优质适产提供技术支撑.[方法]试验在福建省龙岩市进行,采用田间随机区组设计,共设 7个处理,分别为不施钙镁调理剂(A),施用白云石粉 750 kg·hm-2(B)、1 500 kg·hm-2(C)、2 250 kg·hm-2(D)、3 000 kg·hm-2(E),白云石粉 1 500 kg·hm-2+氢氧化镁 150 kg·hm-2(F)和白云石粉 1 500 kg·hm-2+氢氧化镁 300 kg·hm-2(G),测定雪茄烟经济性状、农艺性状、物理特性、化学成分及感官质量.[结果]施用钙镁调理剂能够显著提升雪茄烟叶的产量与品质.与对照(A)相比,施用钙镁调理剂的各处理烟叶产量提高 10.77%～24.56%,产值增加9 945.75～32 030.10 元·hm-2;其中 C处理产量和产值最高,分别为 1 618.65 kg·hm-2 和 184 702.65 元·hm-2.随着白云石粉施用量在 750～2 250 kg·hm-2 范围内增加,烟叶中的烟碱含量呈上升趋势.当白云石粉用量大于 750 kg·hm-2 时,烟叶钾含量呈下降趋势,但仍维持在 4.70%～5.40%的水平.施用钙镁调理剂可提高烟叶钙、镁含量并降低铁、锰含量,烟叶钙含量较对照提高 4.95%～24.27%,镁含量提高 25.39%～83.77%,铁含量下降 9.42%～31.36%,锰含量下降 49.57%～70.20%.感官质量以 F处理最优,总得分为 77.33,其香气质、香气量、甜润感表现突出,杂气少、刺激性较低,燃烧性较好、灰色较白.[结论]在龙岩地区pH 5左右的植烟土壤种植雪茄烟时,推荐施用1 500 kg·hm-2白云石粉配施 150 kg·hm-2 氢氧化镁.该方案可将土壤 pH由 4.91调整至 5.85～5.97,不仅能有效提高雪茄烟叶的钙、镁含量,同时显著提升烟叶感官质量,并实现烟叶产量、产值增加.
[Objective]Effects of applying calcium-magnesium(Ca-Mg)soil conditioners on yield and quality of cigar tobacco grown on acidic red soil were studied to determine optimal application rates and combined fertilization schemes and provide technical support for high-quality and stable production of cigar tobacco in acidic tobacco-growing soils.[Method]A field experimentation with a randomized block design was conducted.Along with control without addition of any conditioner(A),applications of dolomite powder at 750 kg·hm-2(B),1 500 kg·hm-2(C),2 250 kg·hm-2(D)or 3 000 kg·hm-2(E),and those of 1 500 kg·hm-2 dolomite powder with added magnesium hydroxide at 150 kg·hm-2(F)or 300 kg·hm-2(G)in the soil were implemented for tobacco cultivation.Operational financial return and agronomic,physical,chemical,and sensory characteristics of the tobacco as affected by the treatments were determined.[Result]The added Ca-Mg conditioners in soil significantly improved the yield and quality of tobacco leaves.Compared to A,the treatments raised the leaf yield by 10.77%-24.56%with an increased revenue by 9 945.75-32 030.10 yuan·hm-2.Among them,C rendered the highest yield of 1 618.65 kg·hm-2 and output value of 184 702.65 yuan·hm-2.Dolomite boosted the nicotine content in tobacco,and when the addition exceeded 750 kg·hm-2,Ca increased by 4.95%-24.27%,Mg rose by 25.39%-83.77%,iron decreased by 9.42%-31.36%,and Mn declined by 49.57%-70.20%in comparison to A,while potassium reduced to 4.70%-5.40%.Under F,the tobacco attained an overall sensory evaluation score of 77.33 with prominent aroma,sweetness,and smoothness but minimal off-flavors and irritating elements,as well as high combustion performance and light color burnt ash.[Conclusion]In the Longyan region,cigar tobacco cultivation on acidic soils applied with 1 500 kg·hm-2 of dolomite powder and 150 kg·hm-2 of magnesium hydroxide raised the soil pH from 4.91 to 5.85-5.97.It not only effectively increased Ca and Mg in the cigar tobacco leaves but also significantly improved the sensory quality,yield,and output value of the economic crop.
申奥;王旭玥;吴永铭;吴树松;谢凤标;蔡海洋;曾文龙;刘泓
福建农林大学资源与环境学院,福建 福州 350002福建农林大学资源与环境学院,福建 福州 350002福建省烟草公司龙岩市公司,福建 龙岩 364000福建省烟草公司龙岩市公司,福建 龙岩 364000福建省烟草公司龙岩市公司,福建 龙岩 364000福建农林大学资源与环境学院,福建 福州 350002福建省烟草公司龙岩市公司,福建 龙岩 364000福建农林大学资源与环境学院,福建 福州 350002
农业科技
钙镁调理剂酸性土壤雪茄烟产量品质
calcium-magnesium soil conditioneracid soilcigar tobaccoyieldquality
《福建农业学报》 2026 (4)
442-451,10
福建省烟草公司龙岩市公司项目(2023350800240021)
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