24份紫苏种质表型与营养品质的综合评价分析OA

[Objective]This study aimed to analyze the agronomic traits and quality characteristics of Perilla frutescens(L.)Britton germplasm resources in southern China and to screen for superior materials,providing a theoretical basis for the breeding of functional perilla varieties in Fujian and similar ecological regions.[Methods]Variation analysis,correlation analysis,and principal component analysis(PCA)were employed to comprehensively evaluate 21 indicators,including agronomic traits,leaf color parameters,and nutritional and secondary metabolite components of 24 perilla accessions collected from six southern provinces.[Results]The coefficients of variation(CV)for the 21 traits ranged from 2.36%to 202.83%,indicating abundant genetic diversity.The degree of variation in secondary metabolites(abaxial a* value,rosmarinic acid,and perillaldehyde)was significantly higher than that of basic nutritional components.Among agronomic traits,the 1 000-grain weight exhibited the largest CV(56.52%),while the growth period showed the smallest(7.71%).Correlation analysis revealed that leaf morphological indicators(leaf length,leaf width,and petiole length)were highly significantly positively correlated with seed area and oil content,but highly significantly negatively correlated with perillaldehyde content and abaxial a* value(P＜0.01).Based on the comprehensive score(F-value),four superior germplasm resources with scores＞0.60 were identified.'Yunnan Husa Suzi'(A19)ranked highest(1.00),followed by'Sichuan Sumazi'(A23,0.70).Additionally,'Yunnan Zisuma'(A22)exhibited the highest 1 000-grain weight(3.57 g),while'Guangdong Zisu 4'(A8)possessed relatively high contents of both rosmarinic acid(0.66%)and perillaldehyde(0.31%).[Conclusion]The 24 collected perilla germplasm accessions possess a rich genetic foundation.In general,the white perilla type[P.frutescens(L.)Britton var.frutescens]outperformed the purple perilla type[P.frutescens(L.)Britton var.crispa(Thunb.)H.Deane]in terms of vegetative growth and yield traits.The identified superior accessions demonstrate prominent phenotypic advantages and nutritional value in yield-related traits or key secondary metabolite contents,providing a scientific basis for germplasm screening and functional variety breeding in Fujian and similar ecological regions.