构建托育服务体系的国际经验及对中国的政策启示OACHSSCD

The childcare service system for aged 0～2 will be a key component in building a fertility-friendly society in China during the 15th Five-Year Plan period.Care Diamond Framework outlines the responsibilities and roles of four major sectors:the state,the market,the community,and the family.Divergent understandings regarding responsible actors,resource provision,and benefit distribution have resulted in distinct development models and outcomes of childcare systems across countries.Using indicators such as the enrollment rate of childcare aged 0～2,public expenditure on 0～2 childcare as a share of GDP,and paid parental leave,this paper conducts a comparative analysis of selected OECD economies.Four typical development models are identified:a strong public support model led by the government,a balanced model emphasizing both government and family responsibilities,a developmental model with weak public support,and a diversified provision model dominated by government subsidies.Beyond these models,there is a general consensus and global trend toward strengthening public support,regulating market oversight,and promoting gender equality in the development of national childcare systems.China should advance institutional development by strengthening government accountability,optimizing support mechanisms,and encouraging diversified participation.