口腔癌病因与早期筛查技术的研究进展OA

Oral cancer is a common malignancy worldwide with a high case-fatality rate,and gains in five-year survival have been limited.Its precursor lesions provide a critical window for early detection and intervention.However,there are still obvious deficiencies in the current practice:the sensitivity of routine oral clinical examination to hidden or early lesions is limited;although tissue biopsy is the gold standard,it is invasive and the sampling area is limited,making it unsuitable for population screening and follow-up;there is a lack of standardized non-invasive processes that incorporate molecular,optical and computational tools into hierarchical management.This article integrates recent research evidence to review the etiology of oral cancer(including behavioral,microbiological and metabolic,social and environmental factors)as well as various screening and diagnostic techniques(including traditional screening methods and emerging fluorescence methods,cell brush biopsy techniques,saliva and blood biomarkers,and artificial intelligence-assisted analysis techniques).