小农经营格局长期存在与共同富裕问题OACHSSCD

Adopting the method of"circumstantial reflection",this paper first examines two studies concerning Liang Shuming's rural reconstruction movement and Philip C.C.Huang's"practical social science".By analyzing historical debates such as"Where is China's countryside heading for?"and"What is the way out for Chinese farmers?",this study responds to contemporary practical dilemmas and solutions regarding rural revitalization and the subjectivity of smallholder farmers.Furthermore,through reflecting on the controversy over the"village merging and relocation"campaign in 2020 and the academic debates on Liang Shuming's rural reconstruction,the paper discusses the disruption of rural order caused by radical urbanization and the governance logic underlying the blind promotion of large-scale agriculture.Besides,it points out the macro consumption structure characterized by"strong government,wealthy enterprises,and impoverished residents"has trapped smallholder farmers in the dual predicament of productive"involution"and distributional"marginalization."China's agricultural and rural modernization should establish a smallholder-farmer-oriented principle,and respect farmers'survival rationality of risk minimization.It should also integrate smallholder farmers into the modernization process through institutional innovation,ensure their full participation in competitive market networks,and enable them to share the dividends of social development,thereby achieving a transformation from"extractive governance"to"service-oriented governance"and ultimately realizing the goal of Chinese-style agricultural and rural modernization.