蓝莓高效蜂授粉技术研究进展OA

Blueberry is one of the horticultural crops relying on insect pollination.Its downward corolla limits the efficiency of self-pollination,and honeybee pollination improved fruit set rate and yield.This paper sorted out the botanical characteristics and pollination methods of blueberries,and elaborated the research progress and application practices of efficient bee pollination technology.Cultivated blueberry varieties were divided into highbush,lowbush and rabbiteye blueberries according to ecotypes,among which highbush blueberries had differentiated into northern highbush,southern highbush and half-highbush types.Current pollination methods included insect pollination,artificial pollination,wind pollination,mechanical pollination and water mist pollination,and honeybee pollination presented prominent advantages in raising fruit set rate and yield.Common bee species adopted in protected blueberry production comprised Apis cerana,Apis mellifera and Bombus terrestris,which possessed respective superiorities in foraging frequency and nectar resource utilization efficiency.Bee colony allocation matched greenhouse area and flowering period;green prevention and control,supplementary sugar water and clean water supply were conducted during pollination periods.Bee colonies were removed and rejuvenated timely after flowering to realize their cyclic utilization.Bee pollination technology had established demonstration bases in numerous regions and applied to protected fruits,vegetables and economic fruit trees,which became a critical technical route for the green development of modern agriculture.