昆虫丝氨酸蛋白酶功能研究进展OA

Serine proteases(SPs)are a class of proteolytic enzymes involved in regulating diverse physiological processes and are widely present across all life forms.Through interactions with serine protease homologs(SPHs)and serine protease inhibitors,they constitute an essential regulatory system critical for numerous biological functions.This article systematically reviews recent advances in insect SPs,with a focus on their structural features,catalytic mechanisms,physiological functions and regulatory networks.Serine proteases are not only key molecules in insect digestion and immune defenses(e.g.,initiation of the melanization cascade and activation of the Toll pathway),but also participate in the regulation of nervous system functions,reproduction,growth and development.Therefore,the insect SP superfamily represents a highly integrated and multifunctional molecular system that converts external signals to precise internal physiological responses through strict regulatory cascades.In-depth research on these enzymes will not only advance our understanding of insect physiology but also lay a biochemical foundation for developing novel,environmentally friendly pest management strategies,such as those targeting specific SPs to disrupt digestive function,induce sterility,or interfere with insect behavioral processes.