山东省夏大豆产量等农艺性状演变趋势分析OA

To accelerate the improvement and renewal of soybean varieties in Shandong Province,increase soybean yield,enhance stress resistance,and promote the sustainable development of the soybean industry,this study used 73 summer soybean varieties developed in Shandong Province from 2019 to 2024 as materials to systematically analyze the evolution trends in major agronomic traits and quality indicators.The results showed that the yields of regional and multi-location trials of recently approved soybean varieties in Shandong Province exhibited extremely significant increasing trends(P=1.1e-6**,P<2.2e-16**);100-grain weight and growth period also showed extremely significant upward trend(P=2.6e-4**,P=2.4e-4**).Among them,regional trial yield was significantly positively correlated with effective branching(r=0.24,P=0.04),and multi-location trial yield was extremely significantly positively correlated with 100-grain weight and growth period(r=0.46,P<1e-4;r=0.52,P<1e-4).However,overall,the yield potential in regional and multi-location trials showed a declining trend.To reduce the risk of lodging,the plant height and number of main stem nodes of soybean varieties developed in Shandong Province in recent years have been decreased;from a yield-increase perspective,the internode length should be appropriately shortened while reducing plant height to maintain a stable number of main stem nodes.Correlation analysis showed that the number of grains per plant was significantly negatively correlated with protein content(r=-0.24,P=0.046),100-grain weight was significantly positively correlated with protein content(r=0.27,P=0.02),and the number of effective branches was significantly negatively correlated with fat content(r=-0.24,P=0.046).In summary,increasing the number of effective branches,improving 100-grain weight,and appropriately delaying maturity are key approaches to enhance soybean yield potential in Shandong Province in recent years.In addition,coordinating the relationship between yield and quality is also an important direction in soybean genetic improvement.